mehrnoosh poursaeid esfahani; Hosseinali Mehrabi; Hamid Taher Neshat Doost
Abstract
Depression is a common and recurrent mental disorder and one of the main causes of disability. A large number of depressed people report intrusive negative memories, however, there is no specific therapeutic strategy that specifically targets these memories. In this regard, imagery rescripting is a psychotherapeutic ...
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Depression is a common and recurrent mental disorder and one of the main causes of disability. A large number of depressed people report intrusive negative memories, however, there is no specific therapeutic strategy that specifically targets these memories. In this regard, imagery rescripting is a psychotherapeutic technique that addresses memories and previous experiences and aims to improve negative emotions by changing the inner representation of negative memories and images. Although the treatment was initially developed for traumatized individuals, several interventions have yielded promising results for people suffering from other psychological disorders as well. Also, it seems that the interest in and applications of imagery rescripting for depression are quickly increasing. In this direction, the purpose of this article is to review clinical studies assessing the effects of imagery rescripting on depression, as well as possible processes underlying imagery rescripting. The present study is a review article that has been collected through study of 37 articles in the field of imagery rescripting, rescripting, imagery, mental imagery, mental images، intrusive memories and depression. The review shows that imagery rescripting is associated with a reduction in cognitive, emotional and behavioral symptoms of depression and related distresses and is an effective intervention for depression, distress of aversive memories and other related variables. Overall, it seems that more research is needed to compare different imagery rescripting protocols, investigate mechanisms of change, evaluate modulating factors and therapeutic changes for more effectiveness. Therefore, based on the review, a future research agenda is proposed to provide a sketch for further research in Iranian society.
Zahra Zamanian; Changiz Rahimi
Abstract
Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the 42-item form of the Persian questionnaire for general assessment of psychotic experiences (Stefanis & et.al, 2002) of Shiraz University students.Also, this study examined the relationship between psychotic experiences ...
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Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the 42-item form of the Persian questionnaire for general assessment of psychotic experiences (Stefanis & et.al, 2002) of Shiraz University students.Also, this study examined the relationship between psychotic experiences and general health. For this purpose, 200 male and female students (129 male and 71 female) with average ages of 23.75 and 25.69, respectively, were selected by simple random sampling method and they completed the General Assessment of Psychotic Experiences Questionnaire (CAPE, Stefanis & et.al, 2002) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ, Goldberg & Hiller, 1979). Data were analyzed with SPSS-22 and AMOS-22 software using multivariate analysis of variance, confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha and the convergent validity of CAPE was measured with GHQ (r= 0.52). The results showed that the components of the CAPE scale had acceptable internal consistency. The components of GHQ questionnaire also had a statistically significant positive correlation with the dimensions and total score of CAPE. Finally, women scored higher than men in depression and positive symptoms. In general, it can be said that this questionnaire has a good validity and reliability and seems to be able to measure psychotic experiences in the general population, especially University students.
Maryam Vatankhah; S. M. Hossein Mousavi Nasab
Abstract
People with depression have impaired cognitive functions and psychological symptoms of depression. Depression is characterized by negative biases in different aspects of information processing that is related to vulnerability for the development, higher levels of depressive symptoms, maintenance and ...
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People with depression have impaired cognitive functions and psychological symptoms of depression. Depression is characterized by negative biases in different aspects of information processing that is related to vulnerability for the development, higher levels of depressive symptoms, maintenance and even recurrence of depression. Psychologists believe that memory is the foundation of cognitive psychology. Memory is one of the most important cognitive impairments in patients with depression, and its impairment exacerbates their inability to perform daily functions. autobiographical memory is part of the memory. Research has shown that there is a strong link between psychological symptoms and autobiographical memory bias. Depression can lead to impaired memory so that depressed individuals have difficulty retrieving specific memories. In other words, overgeneralization of autobiographical memory occurs. Considering the importance of this issue in the last two decades, extensive research has been done on the relationship between depression and memory, and memory-based depression treatments, which have sometimes yielded contradictory results. Despite these extensive pharmacological and psychological treatments for depression, there are limitations in comprehensiveness and efficacy of these treatments that leads to the need for more research on depression-related interventions. The present study is a systematic review article that has been collected through a complete study of 45 articles in the field of each of the interventions proposed during the article, history of memory and major depression. The aim of this study was to review autobiographical episodic memory-based training interventions for patients with depression to provide a sketch for more extensive research on each of these interventions. Overall, the studies conducted in this study indicated that episodic autobiographical- based memory training interventions have significant effects on the improvement and depressive symptoms in patients with depression.
Marziye Laghaei; Mahnaz Mehrabizadeh honarmand; Nasrin Arshadi
Abstract
Suicidal ideation represents a clinical emergency in psychiatry and individuals with suicidal ideation had a higher risk for suicide attempt than ones with non-suicidal ideation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediation role of depression in the relationship between resilience and problem-oriented ...
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Suicidal ideation represents a clinical emergency in psychiatry and individuals with suicidal ideation had a higher risk for suicide attempt than ones with non-suicidal ideation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediation role of depression in the relationship between resilience and problem-oriented and emotion-oriented coping strategies with suicidal ideation. The present study was a correlational research based on structural equation modeling (SEM). In this regard, using multi-stage random sampling method, a sample of 372 students was selected from the students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. Participants completed the Beck Suicide Ideation Scale (BSI), the Connor & Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RIS), the Stress Coping Questionnaire, and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-13). Structural equation modeling method was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there is a significant negative relationship between resilience and problem-oriented coping strategy with depression, but there is a significant positive relationship between emotion-oriented coping strategy and depression. The most important finding is that depression acts as a mediator in the relationship between resilience and problem-oriented and emotion-oriented coping strategies with suicidal ideation (p < 0.001). Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that resilience, problem-oriented and emotion-oriented coping strategies and depression are the main factors influencing suicidal ideation and can predict suicidal ideation.
Saeed RezaYi
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the acceptance and commitment therapy for reducing depression, anxiety and stress in parents with autism spectrum children. This research was an experimental study with a pre-test, post-test and control group. The statistical population included ...
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the acceptance and commitment therapy for reducing depression, anxiety and stress in parents with autism spectrum children. This research was an experimental study with a pre-test, post-test and control group. The statistical population included all mothers with autistic children who referred to the Tehran April 2 Autism center in 2017-2018. Eighteen mothers with autistic children were selected as the sample and randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21(DASS-21) was used for collecting the data. The data were analyzed through MANCOVA and by following statistical assumptions required for data analysis. The therapeutic program was run in 12 successive sessions for two months, with each session lasting for two hours. The results showed that in the post-test, the scores of depression, anxiety, and stress reduced significantly for mothers in the experimental group compared to their counterparts in the control group. Based on the effectiveness of the Acceptance and commitment therapy for the experimental group (i.e., mothers with Autistic Children in the experimental group, p < 0.001), this method can be used as a psychological treatment intervention along with other intervention methods.
Somayeh Azizi; Kazem Rasool Zade Tabatabaie; Masoud Janbozorgi
Abstract
Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders so choosing an appropriate therapy is very important. Regarding to the role of spirituality in depression and its therapeutic methods, this research attempts to compare the role of the level of Psycho-spiritual development of individuals in the ...
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Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders so choosing an appropriate therapy is very important. Regarding to the role of spirituality in depression and its therapeutic methods, this research attempts to compare the role of the level of Psycho-spiritual development of individuals in the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy. For this purpose, among the students of Tarbiat Modares University, 8 subjects with basic depression were selected using available sampling method, and then based on their scores in Psycho-Spiritual Scale (Janbozorgi, 1391), they were divided into two groups of 4 with high Psycho-spiritual development and 4 with low Psycho-spiritual development. Then subjects of each level of Psycho-spiritual development were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (acceptance and commitment therapy, and cognitive-behavioral therapy). Depression scores of patients before, during and after treatment, as well as follow up, were compared with the percentage of recovery and the effect size. The results showed that both treatments, acceptance and commitment and cognitive-behavioral therapy, were effective on decreasing depression, but acceptance and commitment therapy was more effective in decreasing the depression of individuals with low Psycho-spiritual development, and cognitive-behavioral therapy was more effective in Reducing people's depression with higher levels of Psycho-spiritual development. Therefore, it seems that paying attention to the level of Psycho-spiritual development of clients in choosing a therapeutic approach is of great importance.
Ali Akbar Haddadi Kuhsar; alireza moradi; Bagher Ghobari Bonab; Farnad Imani
Volume 8, Issue 31 , July 2018, , Pages 1-30
Abstract
The main aim of the current study was to compare the effectiveness of spiritual therapy based on Iranian culture with mindfulness based on reduction stress (MBSR) in reducing depression, anxiety and stress in patients with chronic pain. All subjects who are suffer from Muscular-Skeletal ...
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The main aim of the current study was to compare the effectiveness of spiritual therapy based on Iranian culture with mindfulness based on reduction stress (MBSR) in reducing depression, anxiety and stress in patients with chronic pain. All subjects who are suffer from Muscular-Skeletal disease were recruited from Hazrat-e-Rassoul Hospital, (Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran). Design of the study was quasi experimental pretest-posttest-control group design with follow-up stage. 45 patients randomly were assigned in three groups: Spiritual therapy, mindfulness therapy and control group. Each group constituted of intervention comprised of eight 90-minutes-sessions. Demographic information’s and depression, anxiety and stress scale were used to gather data. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance with repeated measurement. Analysis of data revealed that spiritual therapy and mindfulness therapy were not significantly different in reduction depression, anxiety and stress in patients with chronic pain (These treatment were equally effective). More ever, comparing pairs in groups revealed that depression, anxiety and stress were different in treatment and follow up stages. Both spiritual therapy and mindfulness therapy were different from the control group. Spiritual therapy and mindfulness therapy were lower in depression, anxiety and stress in compare to control group. In other word effectiveness of spiritual therapy and mindfulness therapy were more than control group in patients with chronic pain. Results showed that spiritual therapy and mindfulness therapy were effective in reduction of depression, anxiety and stress in patients with chronic pain.
Saeid Aslani; Mahdi Khanjani
Abstract
Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) are periods of distress with sensory, psychomotor and behavioral symptoms that resemble epileptic seizures but electrophysiological correlated variations of these attacks are not commensurate to epilepsy. This disorder has a significant impact on daily-life activities ...
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Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) are periods of distress with sensory, psychomotor and behavioral symptoms that resemble epileptic seizures but electrophysiological correlated variations of these attacks are not commensurate to epilepsy. This disorder has a significant impact on daily-life activities and leads to poor quality of life. This study aimed to examine efficacy of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy (ISTDP) on improvement of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures. This study was an empirical case study with AB design. Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures were confirmed in subjects using QEEG and assessments of a neurologist and a psychiatrist. Beck depression inventory (BDI) was filled out by the subjects before and after the interventions. Eight Psychotherapy sessions with ISTDP approach were individually held once a week. Outcomes indicated that PNES disappeared. Furthermore, post-test BDI scores were significantly lower comparing to pre-test scores. Outcomes suggest that intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy is an appropriate approach to reduce psychogenic non-epileptic seizures and it's applicable by therapists in clinical settings.
abolfazl karami; Roghayeh Omrani; Navid Danaei
Abstract
Postpartum anxiety and depression are harmful conditions that negatively affects not only mothers but also their infants. Therefore, this study aimed to determine and compare the effectiveness of psychological treatments in reducing the above-mentioned problems in mothers at risk. This is a randomized ...
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Postpartum anxiety and depression are harmful conditions that negatively affects not only mothers but also their infants. Therefore, this study aimed to determine and compare the effectiveness of psychological treatments in reducing the above-mentioned problems in mothers at risk. This is a randomized clinical trial with control group. After assessing 75 mothers who were admitted to infants' care unit, 45 mothers who had anxiety and depression levels above the cut-off point and conditions of participation in the design were identified and then randomly divided into three groups of 15, two intervention groups And a control group. For the first intervention group, the CBT program and the intervention group of the ACT program were administered in 8 sessions and the control group received the usual training. To determine the effect of the intervention program, a pre-test and post-test were conducted using the Zung anxiety test and Edinburgh post-partum depression test. The scores of intervention groups were significantly different in the post-test group compared to the control group in the anxiety and depression scale. The rate of depression and anxiety decreased after intervention, and the size of this decrease was higher in the ACT group. ACT treatment has a greater effect on the anxiety and depression of mothers than CBT treatment. According to the results, the use of the ACT approach and the need for nurses and doctors to cooperate with psychologists to intervene is necessary.
morteza rouzbahani; parisa sharifi
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to comparison of the severity of depression symptoms and the speed of information processing among patients with post-traumatic stress disorder and normal adolescents. The research design was causal-comparative. The research population consisted of normal adolescents and ...
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The purpose of this study was to comparison of the severity of depression symptoms and the speed of information processing among patients with post-traumatic stress disorder and normal adolescents. The research design was causal-comparative. The research population consisted of normal adolescents and adolescents with post-traumatic stress disorder in the city of Karaj in the winter of 2018. The sample consisted of 52 participants (26 patients with post-traumatic stress disorder and 26 normal people) which were selected by Convenience method, and matched according to age and gender. Data were collected from child depression inventory (CDI) and WISC-IV Test. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The findings showed that in comparison with normal people, patients with post-traumatic stress disorder show a higher level of negative mood, higher self-esteem and inefficiency, and lower processing speed. However, there was no difference between the two groups in terms of lack of pleasure and Relationship problems. Therefore, it can be concluded that in comparison with normal adolescents, adolescents with post-traumatic stress disorder are more prone to experiencing mood symptoms and cognitive problems such as weaknesses in information processing. As a result, attention to these issues is essential in the treatment of people with posttraumatic stress disorder.
Ali Nikbakht; Hamid taher Neshat doost; Hosseinali Mehrabi
Abstract
Depressed people tend to process or recall negative information easier than positive or neutral information. A recent method that promises modifying the intrusive memories is cognitive bias modification (CBM). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of four weeks training of interpretation ...
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Depressed people tend to process or recall negative information easier than positive or neutral information. A recent method that promises modifying the intrusive memories is cognitive bias modification (CBM). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of four weeks training of interpretation (CBM-I) and CBM-I based on self-generation among the students with depressive symptoms and to compare them with computerized cognitive behavior training. The present study is a quasi-experimental research with three groups including pre-test, post-test and follow-up. Fifty one students were randomly assigned into groups of standardized CBM-I, self-generation, and computerized cognitive behaviour training. Instruments included a questionnaires related to the mood, interpretation bias, memory bias and dysfunctional attitudes. Standardized CBM-I, self-generation, and computerized cognitive-behaviour training significantly showed reduced symptoms of depression, enhanced mood, increased positive interpretation bias, increased positive memory bias and reduced negative memory bias. In none of the variables no significant difference was observed between the interventions. Only for positive memory bias, self-generation method was significantly superior to cognitive-behaviour therapy—but not to standardized CBM-I.
Inchenaz Asaszadeh; Majid Mahmoudalilou
Abstract
Breast cancer, being the most common type of cancer among women, causes anxiety, depression, hopelessness, and anger. Metacognitive therapy is a new approach that puts emphasis on reducing useless cognitive processes instead of the cognitive content of thoughts and also on facilitating metacognitive ...
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Breast cancer, being the most common type of cancer among women, causes anxiety, depression, hopelessness, and anger. Metacognitive therapy is a new approach that puts emphasis on reducing useless cognitive processes instead of the cognitive content of thoughts and also on facilitating metacognitive processing. Based on the single-case experimental research, the study intended to examine the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy on depression and hope-to-life in women with breast cancer. The study drew on a multiple-baseline design in which three individuals from Women’s Breast Cancer Association in Tabriz received the intended 8-session treatment. The instruments used for data gathering were Beck Depression Inventory (BDI –II) and Life Expectancy scale. Results show that the highest percentage of improvement was related to physical and emotional symptoms of depression and also to the life expectancy, which was 75% and the lowest percentage was 50%. Concerning the cognitive symptoms of depression, the highest percentage of improvement was 100% and the lowest was 50%. Findings also suggest that the effectiveness of the metacognitive therapy for the three participants was consistent at the follow-up testing. Therefore, it is suggested that metacognitive therapy be used for reducing depression and increasing life expectancy in women with breast cancer.
Zhaleh feyzi; alireza moradi; Mohammad Khaje dalouee; Nayyereh khadem
Abstract
Act is one of the third generation therapies in which there is trying to alter the one ̓s relationship with his or her thoughts and feelings instead of changing the cognitions. The aim of this research is to evaluate the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on reducing depression and ...
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Act is one of the third generation therapies in which there is trying to alter the one ̓s relationship with his or her thoughts and feelings instead of changing the cognitions. The aim of this research is to evaluate the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on reducing depression and anxiety in infertile women who undergoing In vitro fertilization (IVF). ACT has not used for reducing anxiety and depression in pregnant women before. In this study Quasi-experimental pretest-posttest and follow up with control group was used. Among women who had primary or secondary infertility, undergoing IVF, and were at 14-22 weeks gestational age, available sampling was conducted. 35 women with above feature, assigned to experiment (17) and control (18) groups randomly. SCID and BDI-II and BAI were used for assessing depression and anxiety; before the intervention and after it; and all of them repeated one month after ending the intervention. The experimental group participated in 8sessions of ACT, which lasted 90 minutes weekly; while control group didn't undergo any training. To examine the hypothesis, mixed analysis of variance between - the subjects (SPANOVA) was used. Analysis of mixed variance of the effects between-groups for depression and anxiety showed the significant level was less than 0/05. Thus with 95% reliability, it can be resulted that Act was effective for decreasing of depression and anxiety in experimental group. The results indicated by creating psychological flexibility, ACT decreased depression and anxiety in pregnant women who undergoing IVF significantly. This reduction remained one month after ending of intervention. It seems acceptance and commitment therapy as a complementary treatment, in addition to medical treatments for infertility, improves the health of the mother and fetus during pregnancy and can have an important role.
samaneh Ghoshchian Chobmasjedi; Shahrokh Makvan Hosseini; Mahmoud Najafi; Imanollah Bigdeli
Abstract
The main goal of the current research was to investigate effectiveness of the individual and family psycho-education of the bipolar1 patients in the prevention of the likely recurrence of depression and maniac episodes, compared to an isolated psychiatric treatment. After checking the inclusion–exclusion ...
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The main goal of the current research was to investigate effectiveness of the individual and family psycho-education of the bipolar1 patients in the prevention of the likely recurrence of depression and maniac episodes, compared to an isolated psychiatric treatment. After checking the inclusion–exclusion criteria, a total sample of 66 bipolar1 disordered patients were selected by purposeful sampling method and divided randomly into 3 groups. Depression and maniac symptoms were measured using the HAM-D and the YMRS instruments. Subjects of the all groups filled two scales in the pretest, posttest and follow up stages. Data were extracted from scales and analyzed by MANCOVA statistical analysis. Significantly differences were found between research groups in depression and mania scores. The depression and mania mean scores of the family psycho-education and individual psycho-education groups were significantly lower than control group in the posttest stage, whereas in the follow-up stage the therapeutic effects was only stable in the family psycho-education regarding maniac symptoms. No other significant effect was evident. It could be concluded that an individual psycho-education intervention could reduce the mania and depression symptoms in the BPD 1 patient under medication in short-term and not in the long-term. In contrast, the family psycho-education could reduce both depressive and maniac symptoms in the short-term and the therapeutic effects was stable in mania symptoms during time. In summary, the complementary family psycho-education can effectively prevent the recurrence of the likely mania episodes of the bipolar 1 patients under psychiatric treatment and is recommended for them.
Seyed Esmaeil Hatami; Mahdi Rezaei; Seyed kaveh Hojjat; Elahe Einbeigi; Hadiseh Monadi Ziarat
Abstract
Meta-cognitive therapy is an emerging treatment of supposedly effective component of psychopathology that reduces rumination. The present study is an attempt to consider effectiveness of this therapy to improve suicidal ideation at depressive patient.This research performed as quasi-experimental pretest-posttest ...
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Meta-cognitive therapy is an emerging treatment of supposedly effective component of psychopathology that reduces rumination. The present study is an attempt to consider effectiveness of this therapy to improve suicidal ideation at depressive patient.This research performed as quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design. Among patients with depression referred to a psychiatric clinic in Tabriz, 30 patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: intervention and control. Data collected with Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation. We used pair T-test for comparing mean scale in two groups. Significant level in this study was 0.05.Mean score of beck scale in pretest and post-test were 18.8±3.8 and 18.4±2.5 in control group and 18.5±4.4 and 14.7±2.2 in experimental group.The results showed that meta-cognitive therapy has a significant impact onimproving suicidal ideation at depressive patient (p=0.0001).The results show that meta-cognitive therapy focusing on rumination can be effective on treating suicidal ideation at depressive patient.
Alimohammad Rezaei; Faeze Jahan
Volume 5, Issue 19 , October 2015, , Pages 1-18
Abstract
This study deals with the direct role of perfectionism components in depression and their indirect mediating role in depression. To this end, 200 students at Bu-Ali Sina University in Hamedan were selected using the stratified random sampling method and responded to the research instruments, including ...
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This study deals with the direct role of perfectionism components in depression and their indirect mediating role in depression. To this end, 200 students at Bu-Ali Sina University in Hamedan were selected using the stratified random sampling method and responded to the research instruments, including perfectionism scale, self-criticism scale, and Beck's Depression Inventory. Pearson correlation and path analysis were applied in data collection. Results of the former indicated that there is a significant relation between the components of perfectionism and self-criticism and depression. In addition, there was a significant relation between self-criticism and depression. Path analysis results suggest that beta coefficient of other oriented perfectionism path to depression and community oriented perfectionism path to self-criticism is not significant, while the other path coefficients were significant. Good fit of model indices also demonstrated that the model has a good fit vis-à-vis the model. Overall, the results showed that perfectionism and self-criticism account for 59% of the variance of depression, and self-oriented perfectionism and other-oriented perfectionism account for 33% of the variance of self-criticism. Overall, one could draw the conclusion from the collected information that the subjects' depression could remarkably be controlled through reformed self-criticism and components of perfectionism.
Ahmad Abedi; Hamidreza Arizi; Maryam Sharifi
Volume 5, Issue 19 , October 2015, , Pages 35-61
Abstract
In the late decades, specialists have investigated the impact of multiple psychological interventions on treatment of depression disorder. In order to save budget and time, many of such interventions have been provided in groups, reporting significant changes in the experiment groups vis-à-vis ...
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In the late decades, specialists have investigated the impact of multiple psychological interventions on treatment of depression disorder. In order to save budget and time, many of such interventions have been provided in groups, reporting significant changes in the experiment groups vis-à-vis the control groups. Even so, the precise degree of their effect is unknown. This study aims to gather and integrate the results originating from group psychological interventions in treating depression and computing the level of their effect using a meta-analysis. To this end, 41 methodologically acceptable studies were selected and underwent a meta-analysis. The research instrument includes a meta-analysis checklist. The findings suggest that the level of impact of group psychological interventions on improved depression is 0.59 (p<0.001), which was put at 0.42 (p<0.01) in the age-range of children and adolescents, 0.64 (p<0.001) among the adults, and 0.50 (p<0.001) among the elderly. Moreover, the results of moderation analysis suggested the influence of moderating variables in such interventions. According to this meta-analysis, the degree of impact of group psychological interventions on treating depression is high as indicated by Cohen's chart. This level of effect was high among adults and the elderly, while mediocre among children and adolescents. Furthermore, the impact of moderating variables was more in the child and adolescents group than adults and the elderly
Mahdieh Tarsafi; Seyed Mohammad Kalantar Kousheh; David Lester
Volume 5, Issue 19 , October 2015, , Pages 81-98
Abstract
Social rank theory is a theory of depression and suicidal behavior based on animal models of defeat and entrapment which, in animals result in depressive-type behavior. Gilbert and Allan (1998) have devised a scale to measure defeat. This goal of the present study was to explore the validity and reliability ...
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Social rank theory is a theory of depression and suicidal behavior based on animal models of defeat and entrapment which, in animals result in depressive-type behavior. Gilbert and Allan (1998) have devised a scale to measure defeat. This goal of the present study was to explore the validity and reliability of the Defeat Scale with students of Allameh Tabataba'i University. A sample of 306 (102 male and 204 female) students was selected using simple random sampling. An exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation was employed. Beck’s hopelessness and depression scales were used to examine convergent validity. Even though the original scale of the questionnaire was published without subscales, the results of the present research identified three subscales labeled inactivity, loser and satisfaction. Together, these three factors explained 63% of the variance of the matrix of item-correlations. The internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha was 0.91 overall, 0.91 in females, and 0.92 in males. There were significant correlations between Beck’s hopelessness and depression scale scores with scores on the defeat and with the three factor scores. The Defeat Scale has good reliability and validity in Persian culture.
Elham Abniki; Abbas Abolghasemi; Masoumeh Abbasi; Roghieh Moazzez; Razieh Jalali
Volume 5, Issue 19 , October 2015, , Pages 99-118
Abstract
This study sets out to investigate the impact of group cognitive-behavioral intervention in stress management on improved hardiness and self-control in depressed women. It was carried out by means of experimental method inclusive of pretest and posttest with a control group. The statistical population ...
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This study sets out to investigate the impact of group cognitive-behavioral intervention in stress management on improved hardiness and self-control in depressed women. It was carried out by means of experimental method inclusive of pretest and posttest with a control group. The statistical population comprises all female married patients visiting the Psychiatry Clinic in Tehran in 2013. The research sample is composed of 30 depressed patients who were selected from among the patients and divided into two experiment and control groups. For the purpose of data collection, the hardiness scale, self-control scale, perceived stress scale, and depression inventory were employed. Results of the multivariate variance analysis suggested that group cognitive-behavioral intervention in stress management positively affects improved hardiness and self-control (P<0.001). According to the research findings, group cognitive-behavioral intervention in stress management proves to be an effective method for improving and increasing depressed women's hardiness and self-control.
Ehsan Zareian; Forough Rahmati
Volume 5, Issue 17 , May 2015, , Pages 1-18
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on the, anxiety, depression and life quality in women with breast cancer. Research community were the women who were involved in psychology class in breast cancer Community of Mashhad in 1392 summer, 24 subject were selected ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on the, anxiety, depression and life quality in women with breast cancer. Research community were the women who were involved in psychology class in breast cancer Community of Mashhad in 1392 summer, 24 subject were selected randomly (N=24;Age = 45 ± 15) among them. To assess the anxiety, depression and life quality, the ANQ, BDI (Beck depression Inventory) and life quality questionnaire for women with cancer was used. Quasi-experimental method with pre- test and post- test design with a control group was used for this research. Results showed that 8 weeks aerobic exercise could decrease anxiety and depression and increase life quality in women with breast cancer (P≤0.001). Finally, we can conclude the nature of aerobic exercise can reducing anxiety and depression and increase life quality in patients with breast cancer.
Nasim Samadzade; Hamid Poursharifi; Jalil Babapour
Volume 5, Issue 17 , May 2015, , Pages 77-96
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive - behavioral therapy on the psycho-social adjustment to illness and symptoms of depression in individuals with type II diabetes. This research was performed within the framework of experimental single case design. For this purpose, ...
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive - behavioral therapy on the psycho-social adjustment to illness and symptoms of depression in individuals with type II diabetes. This research was performed within the framework of experimental single case design. For this purpose, among members of Tabriz Diabetes Association, Three of them who were in the severe and very severe categories of the depression and anxiety subscales of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) were selected for the research. Before starting intervention, for determining baseline, a pre-test was performed two times, and the status of individual was evaluated in terms of considered variables, then stages of intervention during 8 sessions were performed on participants. For measuring the variables, Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS), and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) were applied. Data analysis suggested that cognitive - behavioral therapy lead to the enhancement of adjustment to illness and reduction of depression symptoms in individuals with type II diabetes.
Hamid Khanipour; Ahmad Borjali; Parvaneh Mohammadkhani; Faramarz Sohrabi
Volume 4, Issue 13 , February 2014, , Pages 23-42
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine effectiveness of Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on depression and rumination symptoms in individuals with a major depression records. The study employed a single-case design with multiple baselines. MBCT was given to 4 patients with major depressive disorder ...
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The aim of this study was to examine effectiveness of Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on depression and rumination symptoms in individuals with a major depression records. The study employed a single-case design with multiple baselines. MBCT was given to 4 patients with major depressive disorder over eight 1-hour sessions, and a follow-up was carried out one month later. Instruments used were the depression questionnaire, Beck depression inventory and the rumination response scale. Results showed that depression and rumination symptoms in the patients were reduced by 78 and 48 percent, respectively. The results were clinically significant for three patients. The study suggests that MBCT given in the form of individualized sessions can be an effective treatment for patients with major depressive disorder.
Reza Pourhossein; Farzad Farhoudi; Mohsen Amiri; Mahmoud Janbozorgi; Akram Reza’i Bidakhvidi; Fatemeh Nourollahi
Volume 4, Issue 14 , January 2014, , Pages 21-40
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the relationship of suicidal thoughts, depression, anxiety, resilience, daily stress and mental health in university students. The study group consisted of 265 University of Tehran students. Subjects were asked to complete Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety ...
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The present study aimed to examine the relationship of suicidal thoughts, depression, anxiety, resilience, daily stress and mental health in university students. The study group consisted of 265 University of Tehran students. Subjects were asked to complete Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSI), Mental Health Scale, Daily Stress Scale and Resilience Scale. The data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and stepwise regression. Based on the results, a significant negative correlation existed between suicidal thoughts and resilience and self-esteem. Also, variables related to anxiety, depression, mental health and daily stress had a positive correlation with suicidal thoughts. The regression analysis indicated that depression was the strongest factor in predicting suicidal thoughts, and that anxiety, mental health, resilience and daily stress stood next in the line. The variables had a total 21 percent influence on the variance of suicidal thoughts. The study suggests that psychological and mental health problems, including anxiety and depression, along with other factors such as resilience and daily stress are important variables in recognizing and predicting suicidal thoughts Since symptoms of recurrent PTSD are sustaining and their emergence, growth and sustainability are to a large extent influenced by personal variables, and since these factors are connected to pretrauma maladaptive relationships which contribute to emergence of maladaptive schemas, the schema therapy targeted roots of the disorder and re-created maladaptive schemas, and it was thus successful in curing symptoms of recurrent trauma.
Mehdi Zare' Bahramabadi; Tayebeh Nazari
Volume 4, Issue 14 , January 2014, , Pages 83-98
Abstract
AbstractIn developing countries, the majority of female-headed families face many economic and social problems and mental disorders. The present study aimed to examine effectiveness of group cognitive therapy on self-efficacy and depression among women who headed a family. The study used a quasi-experimental ...
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AbstractIn developing countries, the majority of female-headed families face many economic and social problems and mental disorders. The present study aimed to examine effectiveness of group cognitive therapy on self-efficacy and depression among women who headed a family. The study used a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test and a control group. The sample consisted of 30 women who headed families in city of Kangavar and who received governmental welfare. The subjects were chosen using random sampling and assigned to experimental and control groups. A 10-session group cognitive therapy was given to the experimental group on weekly basis, while the control group received no intervention. The data were collected using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Sherer SelfEfficacy Scale, and they were analyzed using multivariate covariance in SPSS 18 software. The results of the covariance analysis showed that group cognitive therapy significantly reduced depression and increased self-efficacy in the experimental group as compared to the control group. The study found that cognitive group therapy waseffective on reducing depression and increasing self-efficacy inwomen who headed a family in the city of Kangavar
Parviz Sharifi Daramadi
Volume 4, Issue 14 , January 2014, , Pages 99-118
Abstract
Research suggests that depression, anxiety and rumination disorders are among the most important psychological problems inpatients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Mindfulness-based therapy (MBT) has been found effective in reducing anxiety and depression symptoms, but little research has studied ...
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Research suggests that depression, anxiety and rumination disorders are among the most important psychological problems inpatients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Mindfulness-based therapy (MBT) has been found effective in reducing anxiety and depression symptoms, but little research has studied patients with autism. The present study therefore aimed at examining effects of a modified MBT protocol (MBT-AS) in high-functioning adults with ASD. A group of 42 autistic individuals, chosen through convenient sampling and aging from 15 to 26, were divided into an experimental (20 individuals) and a control (21 individuals) group. The experimental group received a treatment protocol based on mindfulness (Teasedale et al.; revised edition). Data analysis was carried out using t-test in independent groups, chi-square test and multivariate variance analysis. Results showed a significant decreasein depression, anxiety and rumination in the experimental group. Results also showed that positive affect increased in the experimentalgroup but not in the control group. The present study is the first controlled trial for demonstrating that adults with ASD can benefit from MBT-AS
