maryam morvaridi; Rasoul Roshan Chesli; Hojjatollah Farahani; ALI Mashhadi
Abstract
There is evidence that emotion plays a role in explaining generalized anxiety disorder, and on the other hand, dysfunctional emotional schemas are different in various psychopathological disorders, but few studies have addressed this issue. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to qualitatively investigate ...
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There is evidence that emotion plays a role in explaining generalized anxiety disorder, and on the other hand, dysfunctional emotional schemas are different in various psychopathological disorders, but few studies have addressed this issue. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to qualitatively investigate emotional schemas in Iranian patients with generalized anxiety disorder. For this purpose, 16 patients with generalized anxiety disorder in Mashhad, Iran were interviewed and their responses were qualitatively clustered to extract their emotional schemas and subthemes related to each emotional schema. A semi-structured interview was conducted to investigate patients' perspectives on emotion and their 14 emotional schemas. Patients' statements were transcribed and analyzed through comparative-inductive thematic analysis and coding. They were then categorized into main themes and subtheme naming was done in consultation with experts. The findings showed that four emotional schemas of validation, duration, uncontrollability, and extreme rationalization are more involved in patients with generalized anxiety disorder and 12 subthemes including mentalized emotional insecurity, desocialization, somatization, significance, uncertainty intolerance, unpredictability threat, extreme emotional perfectionism, continuity of catastrophic thinking, trait anxiety, superiority of others, emotional avoidance, emotional inflexibility, and extreme approval led to the creation and continuation of generalized anxiety disorder symptoms. Therefore, addressing these 4 emotional schemas in patients with generalized anxiety disorder with a greater focus on the validation schema, which is more pervasive, can increase treatment efficacy. In addition, we can focus on them in educational and preventive protocols, not just intervention protocols
Yasna Farokhsiri; mohsen saiedmanesh; mahdiyeh azizibandarabadi
Abstract
Adolescence is one of the most important transformational periods and a person will face many challenges during this period, each of which in turn can cause stress and anxiety in the adolescent's life. Anxiety disorders are one of the most common psychiatric problems in adolescence, one of the most common ...
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Adolescence is one of the most important transformational periods and a person will face many challenges during this period, each of which in turn can cause stress and anxiety in the adolescent's life. Anxiety disorders are one of the most common psychiatric problems in adolescence, one of the most common of which is generalized anxiety disorder ; Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of computer-based cognitive rehabilitation on improving cognitive impairment in adolescents with generalized anxiety disorder. According to the applied and semi-experimental type of research with a pre-test-post-test design, 30 teenagers with generalized anxiety disorder in the psychological and counseling centers of Kerman city In 2021 were selected and randomly divided into two groups of 15 people using non-random sampling method. The experiment and control were divided and evaluated using the cognitive impairment questionnaire (Broadbent, 1998).. were evaluated. In order to perform interventions related to research and computer-based cognitive rehabilitation training on the experimental group, Captain Log's software was used, which was performed in 20 sessions of 45 minutes and 2 days each week. order to analyze the data, in the descriptive statistics section, the mean and standard deviation and in the inferential statistics section, the analysis of covariance model was used by SPSS-22 software. The findings of this research showed that the scores of the components of cognitive impairment decreased significantly during interventions related to computer-based cognitive rehabilitation, so it can be concluded that computer-based cognitive rehabilitation improves the cognitive impairment of adolescents with disorders. Pervasive anxiety (p<0.005) .is effective and practical.. As a result, psychologists and counselors are advised to use this therapeutic intervention to treat generalized anxiety disorder in adolescents
Mahmoud Parchami Khoram; shahriar shahidi; mohsen dehghani
Abstract
Cognition is mediated and combined by mental processes formed by internal speech and cognitive processes play a key role in generalized anxiety disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder. The aim of this study was to compare the frequency and content of inner speech in people with generalized anxiety ...
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Cognition is mediated and combined by mental processes formed by internal speech and cognitive processes play a key role in generalized anxiety disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder. The aim of this study was to compare the frequency and content of inner speech in people with generalized anxiety disorder traits, obsessive-compulsive disorder traits and normal. 348 (boys: 203, girls: 145) students of Shahid Beheshti University were selected by convenience sampling method and participants answered the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Scale (Spitzer et al., 2006), the Self-talk Scale (Brinthaupt et al.., 2009) and the Padua Inventory–Washington State University Revision (Burns et al.., 1996). Findings were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and multivariate analysis of variance. The results showed a significant difference in frequency between the normal group and clinical groups. Also, the research findings showed a significant difference between the normal group and clinical groups in the negative subscales of inner speech content (self-criticism and social assessment) and not the positive subscales (self-regulation and self-reinforcement).
masumeh shafiei; msoud sadeghi
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the New Developed Contrast Avoidance and Emotion-focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on the Severity of Symptoms Generalized Anxiety Disorder. The present study was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test design with control group. The statistical ...
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The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the New Developed Contrast Avoidance and Emotion-focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on the Severity of Symptoms Generalized Anxiety Disorder. The present study was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test design with control group. The statistical population included all women with generalized anxiety disorder in the city of Khorramabad, of whom 45 were selected as available. They were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and a control group. the New Developed treatment Contrast Avoidance and Emotion-focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy were held separately In 12 sessions 90-minute and no training was applied to the control group. The instrument of this study was a Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale in which pre-test and post-test participants answered questions A multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. The findings showed that the developmental treatment contrast avoidance and Emotion-focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy improves the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (p <0.01). And the recovery rate is higher than the subjects of the control group (p <0.01). But the two experimental groups did not differ significantly (P <0.05). the New Developed treatment contrast avoidance and Emotion-focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy improves the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder and Developmental therapy focuses on the physiological and emotional experience of the client so that the client can experience the emotional contrast, which may be one of the underlying causes of generalized anxiety disorder. The effectiveness of this treatment may also be effective in mental disorders that have an emotional underpinning.
Ehsan Matinfar; Imanollah Bigdeli; ALI Mashhadi
Abstract
The Symptoms of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) have been considered an index of cognitive control deficiency. The aim of this study was to investigate whether enhancing cognitive control over emotional stimuli can decrease worry intrusions and severity of the GAD symptoms. Based on the results ...
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The Symptoms of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) have been considered an index of cognitive control deficiency. The aim of this study was to investigate whether enhancing cognitive control over emotional stimuli can decrease worry intrusions and severity of the GAD symptoms. Based on the results of the structured clinical interview for the DSM-5 (SCID), 45 students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM) who had GAD, were chosen to participate in this study. Then, they were assigned equally and randomly to the three conditions of intervention, control and active control groups. Subsequently, they completed the PSWQ, GAD-7, emotional stroop task, and Go/No Go task as pre-test. The intervention group received 16 sessions of the cognitive-affective control training using the emotional stroop with the trial-based feedback. Also, the active control group received the same amount of the training sessions of the emotional stroop with receiving no feedback, and finally, the control group was on a waiting list. After post-test assessments, the results of ANCOVA showed that the training sessions were effective for the stroop performance, reduction in worry intrusions, and GAD symptoms, while the training on the cognitive inhibition did not transfer to the behavioral inhibition. The findings revealed that not only cognitive control plays a major role in worry and GAD symptoms, but also cognitive control training might be a promising path to decrease the severity of anxiety disorders. Training with emotional stimuli can enhance performance, and using trial-based feedback can pave the way to get better clinical results.
mojgan shokrolahi; abdolzahra naami
Abstract
This study aimed at examining the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on time perspective and emotional well-being among the individuals suffering from generalized anxiety disorder symptoms. The research method was semi-experimental with control and experimental groups conducted in pre-test ...
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This study aimed at examining the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on time perspective and emotional well-being among the individuals suffering from generalized anxiety disorder symptoms. The research method was semi-experimental with control and experimental groups conducted in pre-test and post-test phases. As many as 30 students suffering from generalized anxiety disorder symptom were selected by means of convenience sampling method. They were also randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. The experimental group received an eight- session intervention regarding mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, while the control group received no interventions at all. Before and after the interventions, data were gathered using Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (Zimbardo, 1999) along with subjective well-being (Keyes, Magyar-Moe, 2003). Afterwards, they were analyzed by means of covariance analysis. According to the findings, there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of post-test scores for time perspective and emotional well-being. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy interventions have led to a-71% change in future vision perspectives, a-51% change in transcendent future, a-74% change in the present destiny, a-67% change in the optimistic present, a-67% change in the positive past and a-65% change in the negative past of the experiment subjects.(p<0/05). Likewise, compared to the subjects in the control group, the ones in experimental group exhibited higher scores in the emotional well-being post-test. (p,<0/05) .Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy is effective in broadening time perspective as well as enhancing emotional well-being in individuals suffering from generalized anxiety disorder symptoms.
seyedeh Ayda mousavi Moghadam; Mansour Bairami; Abbas bakhshipour; Hasan HamidPour
Abstract
This study evaluated the efficacy of metacognitive therapy (MCT) on reducing the pathological symptoms and trait anxiety of patients suffering from generalized anxiety disorder. The current study employed a multiple baseline single case study design. Patients with GAD (3 women and 2 men) meeting DSM-IV ...
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This study evaluated the efficacy of metacognitive therapy (MCT) on reducing the pathological symptoms and trait anxiety of patients suffering from generalized anxiety disorder. The current study employed a multiple baseline single case study design. Patients with GAD (3 women and 2 men) meeting DSM-IV criteria for GAD were selected using purposeful sampling method and participated in the therapeutic intervention after obtaining treatment requirements. The treatment consisted of 8–12 weekly sessions. Assessments were conducted at pre-treatment, post-treatment, 6, and 12-month follow-up on several clinical measures: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-Q-IV), Beck anxiety inventory (BAI) and Trait-Anxiety Subscale of the State-Trait-anxiety inventory (STAI-T). Data were analyzed using the index of improvement percentage and reliable change index (RCI). The results showed that MCT was significantly effective in reducing treatment's target. It can be concluded that metacognitive therapy has appropriate efficacy in the treatment of men and women with generalized anxiety disorder.
Mehdi Akbari
Abstract
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) according to a chronic course, high prevalence and comorbidity with other psychological disorders, as one of the most debilitating disorders is adult, so addressing effective treatment methods and more economically for this disorder is beneficial and necessary. The ...
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Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) according to a chronic course, high prevalence and comorbidity with other psychological disorders, as one of the most debilitating disorders is adult, so addressing effective treatment methods and more economically for this disorder is beneficial and necessary. The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of intolerance uncertainty therapy (IUT(, Buspirone and the combination of IUT with Buspirone in improving symptom of patients with (GAD). In a clinical trial of quasi-experimental research with pretest-posttest of the patients admitted to psychiatric and psychological clinics and centers in Tehran 24 patients were selected with GAD and randomly assigned to three groups to IUT, Buspirone (5-60 mg per day) and combination. Data before and after the intervention were collected by generalized anxiety disorder scale (GADS-7), intolerance of uncertainty scale (IUS), Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS). The data were analyzed using a Kruskal Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and one-way Analysis of Covariance. The results of this study showed Both treatments IUT and combined treatment in comparison with Buspirone led to significant improvements in alleviating the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder, intolerance of uncertainty, worry, depression and work and social adjustment (p<0.01). Also, the result of Mann-Whitney U-test and one-way analysis of covariance showed there were no significant difference between IUT and combined treatment. IUT and combination therapy are more effective than Buspirone (5-60 mg per day) in improving of GAD are. However, it seems adding medication (Buspirone) to IUT does not improve the patients with GAD.
Hossein Mohagheghi; Peyman Dousti; Davoud Jafari
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on the meta-worry, social anxiety and concern for the students' health. This semi-experimental research design was pretest-posttest control group. Population contained 15000 students, studying in Azad University of ...
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on the meta-worry, social anxiety and concern for the students' health. This semi-experimental research design was pretest-posttest control group. Population contained 15000 students, studying in Azad University of Hamadan. The sample consisted of 30 students (20 girls and 10 boys) were selected from the community. A sample of purposive sampling method was used. The subjects were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. The research assessment tools were, the scale of Wales was anxious thoughts. This tool measures social anxiety, generalized anxiety and health anxiety. Acceptance and commitment therapy intervention, based on eight individual 45-minute sessions weekly by the author of the article, was conducted at the Research Center of the MANSHOR MEHR. The subjects responded to a questionnaire before treatment, and one month after treatment. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance were performed. The results showed that, acceptance and commitment therapy reduced decline generalized anxiety and social anxiety, but did not reduce health concerns. It is suggested, acceptance and commitment therapy intervention that the researchers used in the study protocol to use in other communities and age groups.
Roshanak Khodabakhsh Pirkalani; Hanieh Rahim Jamarouni
Volume 4, Issue 13 , February 2014, , Pages 121-147
Abstract
The study aimed to examine effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in combination with stress reduction based on mindfulness in reducing anxiety and automatic thoughts and improving general health of a patient with generalized anxiety disorder. The study used a singlesubject A-B design to determine ...
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The study aimed to examine effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in combination with stress reduction based on mindfulness in reducing anxiety and automatic thoughts and improving general health of a patient with generalized anxiety disorder. The study used a singlesubject A-B design to determine the mixed effects of the interventions on the subject. The subject completed Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) in both phase A (baseline) and phase B (last treatment session). The patient’s BAI score decreased from 45 in stage A to 30 in the fifth session, 16 in the tenth session and 10 in the final phase. Results from HARS, ATQ and GHQ also indicated significant decreases in the patient’s scores. The study suggests that a mixed intervention consisting of a cognitive-behavioral therapy combined with mindfulness-based stress reduction can have positive effects on treating generalized anxiety disorder.
