ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The effect of God-Oriented Spiritual psychotherapy (God-OSP) on Psychospiritual development
God-oriente d spiritual psychotherapy (God-OSP) is an approach based on Islamic resources. Its basic assumption is the development of perceptual filed to the origin of being and resurrection, in addition to self and objective existence, activating the spiritual dimension, creating monotheistic attitude, providing the ground for the treatment and change of clients with psychological problems. The aim of this research is to study the effect of God-OSP on psychspiritual development (PSD) as a criteria of mental and spiritual health. The method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design in the clinical clients. The sample of this study included 20 clients being selected by voluntarily sampling. All of them had anxiety problems. All of them, in addition to clinical interviews by clinicians and receiving a diagnosis of anxiety, took the psychospiritual development questioner (PSDQ). Then, they entered the spiritual group therapy. After 45 weekly sessions of treatment, they were tested again, and the obtained data were analyzed.The findings showed that the clinical signs of low level of psychological development associated with psychological disorders were significantly reduced under the effect of God-OSP. In the other words, the signs of the egocentric faith and the transitional faith (ambivalence) decrease. On the other hand, the signs of Reconstructed Faith and Transcendent Faith significantly increase. But, at the dogmatic stage (second stage), the subjects did not change significantly. The findings of this study confirmed the two basic assumptions that spiritual therapy not only reduces the clinical signs associated with low levels of development but also provides the basis for transcendent human growth and development. This interactive effect increases the effectiveness of spiritual therapy and reduces the rate of recurrence based on clinical self-reports.
https://jcps.atu.ac.ir/article_13182_679213e78432b554de69c8ba3b04283e.pdf
2020-12-21
1
16
10.22054/jcps.2021.59485.2533
God-oriented spiritual psychotherapy
Psycho-spiritual development
spiritual/religious therapy
religious clients
Islamic Psychology
Masoud
Janbozorgi
psychjan@gmail.com
1
professor of Psychology, Research Institute of Hawzeh and University
LEAD_AUTHOR
amin
Janbozorgi
amin.janbozorgi2000@gmail.com
2
Graduate of level 2 of Islamic Seminary of Qom and MA student of counseling
AUTHOR
Holy Quran, translated by Saffarzadeh T. (2001)
1
Adams, G. R., Gullotta, T. P., Markstrom, A, G. (1994). Adolescent life experiences (3rd. Ed); brooks/Cole. P; USA.
2
Anganthi, Nisa ,R N & Uyun, Z. (2019). THE PATH OF PSYCHOSPIRITUAL INTERVENTION FOR SELFHEALING: THE MULTI RELIGION PERSPECTIVES. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews. eISSN: 2395-6518, Vol 7, No 3, pp 176-180
3
Brady, M. J., Peterman, A. H., Fitchett, G., Mo, M., & Cella, D. (1999). A case for including
4
spirituality in quality of life measurement in oncology. Psycho-Oncology, 8(5), 417–428.
5
Cassileth, B. R., & Vickers, A. J. (2005). High prevalence of complementary and alternative
6
medicine use among cancer patients: Implications for research and clinical care. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 23(12), 2590–2592.
7
Crammer, C., Kaw, C,. Gansler,T ., & Stein, K. D. (2011). Cancer Survivors’ Spiritual Well-
8
Being and Use of Complementary Methods: A Report from the American Cancer
9
Society’s Studies of Cancer Survivors. J Relig Health 50:92–107.
10
Koenig, H. G. (2009). Research on religion, spirituality, and mental health: A review. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 54(5), 283-291.
11
Koenig, H. G. (2012) The influence of faith on mental health and well-being. Christian Counseling Today Magazine Vol. 20, No. 3, 48-53.
12
Fowler, J. (1986). Faith and the structuring of meaning; in C. Dystra & Parks (Eds), Faith
13
Development and Fowler. Birmingham, AL: Religious Education Press.
14
Fowler, R. A. (1984). Becoming adult becoming Christian; San Francisco: Harper & Row.
15
Gansler, T., Kaw, C., Crammer, C., & Smith, T. (2008). A population-based study of
16
prevalence of complementary methods use by cancer survivors: A report from the
17
American Cancer Society’s studies of cancer survivors. Cancer, 113(5), 1048–1057.
18
Garlick, Max • Wall, K • Corwin, Diana, Koopman, C •(2011). Psycho-Spiritual Integrative
19
Therapy for Women with Primary Breast Cancer. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 18:78–90.
20
Genia, Vicky, (1995); Counseling and psychotherapy of religious clients: A Developmental
21
Approach; Praeger.
22
Genia, V. (1990). Religious development: A Synthesis and reformulation. Journal of religion and health, Vol. 29, N.2
23
Goldstein, M. S., Lee, J. H., Ballard-Barbash, R., & Brown, E. R. (2008). The use and
24
perceived benefit of complementary and alternative medicine among Californians with cancer. Psycho-Oncology, 17(1), 19–25.
25
Hsiao, A. F., Wong, M. D., Miller, M. F., Ambs, A. H., Goldstein, M. S., Smith, A., et al.
26
(2008). Role of religiosity and spirituality in complementary and alternative medicine use among cancer survivors in California. Integrative Cancer Therapies, 7(3), 139–146.
27
Janbozorgi, M (1999) Effectiveness of psychological therapy with and without the Islamic religious orientation on anxious and stress in students. Journal of Psychology 2 (8), 368-43.
28
Janbozorgi, M (2008). Religious orientation and mental health. Journal of Research In Medical Sciences. 31 (4), 345-350.
29
Janbozorgi,M A. Zahirodin, N. Norri, R. Ghafarsamar and J. Shams(2009). Providing
30
emotional stability through relaxation training, Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, Vol. 5, No. 3, 75-84.
31
Janbozorgi, M. (2019). Spiritually multidimensional psychotherapy: A God-oriented approach. RIHU.Pub.
32
Janbozorgi, M. (2016). Spiritually Multidimensional Psychotherapy (SMP): Activation of spiritual action and its effectiveness on psychological problems of anxious clients. Quarterly Journal of Islamic Psychology Vol. 2, , No.3.
33
Janbozorgi, M. (in press). God- Oriented Spiritual Psychotherapy: A multidimensional approach (Protocol Validation).
34
Janbozorgi, M., Faker,H., janbozorgi,A,. (2010).assessment of psycho-spiritual development in therapy of religious client. BJ of studies in Islam and Psychology. Vol.5, No.8,p 49-70.
35
Jalali-Tehrani,S.M.M.(2001) Integration Therapy).in Corsini,R.J. Handbook of Innovative
36
Therapy. 2end edit. John Wiley and Sons,Inc;.p. 321-331.
37
Jalali-Tehrani, S. M. M. (1997). A prison reform project in Iran. Journal of Humanistic Psychology , 37(1), 92-109.
38
Mertens, A. C., Sencer, S., Myers, C. D., Recklitis, C., Kadan-Lottick, N., Whitton, J., et al.
39
(2008). Complementary and alternative therapy use in adult survivors of childhood
40
cancer: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. Pediatric Blood &
41
Cancer, 50(1), 90–97.
42
Mohammadi Jamileh (2018) Adaptation of spritually Multidimensional psychotherapy for Depression. Ph.D. Thesis. Tarbiat Modares University(persian).
43
Montazeri, Elnaz (2015), The Effectiveness of Multidimensional Spiritual Therapy in a Collaborative Way on Patients with MS. Master's thesis, for guidance, great life, Massoud. Islamic Azad University of Garmsar.
44
Muhammad Yusuf Khalid. (2008), PSYCHO-SPIRITUAL THERAPY APPROACH FOR
45
DRUG ADDICTION REHABILITATION, JURNAL ANTIDADAH MALAYSIA JLD.3 & 4, 143-151 .
46
Mytko, J. J., & Knight, S. J. (1999). Body, mind and spirit: Towards the integration of
47
religiosity and spirituality in cancer quality of life research. Psycho-Oncology, 8(5),
48
439–450.
49
Pargament, K. I. (2011). Spiritually integrated psychotherapy. New York: Gilford Press.
50
Pargament, K. I. (2004). The psychology of religious coping. New York: Gilford Press.
51
Park, C. L. (2007). Religiousness/spirituality and health: A meaning systems perspective.
52
Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 30, 319–328.
53
Peterman, A. H., Fitchett, G., Brady, M. J., Hernandez, L., & Cella, D. (2002). Measuring
54
spiritual wellbeing in people with cancer: The functional assessment of chronic illness
55
therapy–Spiritual Well-being Scale (FACIT-Sp). Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 24(1), 49–58.
56
Rohani, M., janbozorgi, M., Ahadi, H., belyad, MR. (2018). The effect of short-term spiritually multidimensional psychotherapy(SMP) on manage of depression singe . Biquarterly Journal of Studies in Islamic & PsychologyVol.12, No.22. p132-152.
57
Toyari, E., Bakhtiarpour, S. Pashr, R. & Borna, M. R. (2020). Modling the relationship between the effect of mental-spiritual transformation and social support on marital happiness
58
considering the mediating role of emotional regulation in parents of exceptional children. Journal of Psychological Achievements (Journal of Education & Psychology). 27(1),
59
Serial Number 23, 91-108
60
Usset,T.J., Gray. T., Brandon J. Griffin Joseph M. Currier., Marek S. Kopacz, John H. Wilhelm and J. Irene Harris. (2020). Psychospiritual Developmental Risk Factors for Moral Injury. Religions 11, 484; doi:10.3390/rel11100484.
61
Vapiwala, N., Mick, R., Hampshire, M. K., Metz, J. M., & DeNittis, A. S. (2006). Patient
62
initiation of complementary and alternative medical therapies (CAM) following cancer diagnosis. Cancer Journal, 12(6), 467–474.
63
Whitford, H. S., Olver, I. N., & Peterson, M. J. (2008). Spirituality as a core domain in the
64
assessment of quality of life in oncology. Psycho-Oncology, 17(11), 1121–1128.
65
Worthington, E. l. (1989); Religious faith across the lifespan; Journal of Counselingpsychology, 17, 555-612.
66
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Psychological and Spiritual Dimensions of Covid-19 Patients: A Qualitative Study
The Covid-19 pandemic has been on the rise all over the globe during the last two years and numerous cases are being reported positive on the Covid-19 diagnostic test daily. Patients dealing with this disease experience special emotions and psychological conditions. The aim of this study is to understand and describe the lived experience of these patients and their psychological and spiritual dimensions. This study was carried out through a qualitative method following a descriptive phenomenological approach. Data gathering was performed via 14 semi-structured interviews with COVID-19 patients from different cities in Iran. The selection of the sample was started with purposive sampling in 2020, and continued with the selection of more samples through the snowball sampling method till data saturation was achieved. Data analyses were performed by a qualitative method based on the Colizzi approach, leading to the extraction of 8 major classes and 24 themes. The classes of negative reactions to the diseases included fear and anxiety, hopelessness, anger and hatred, depersonalization and de-realization, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. The post-disease classes of attitudinal and spiritual evolutions included increased spirituality, modified interpersonal relationships, and evolved self-concept. have achieved unique spiritual experiences and growth dimensions in their life upon dealing with the pandemic. This study can greatly help psychologists, medics, and medical managers to identify therapeutic approaches to treat anxiety and improve peace in the Covid-19 patients
https://jcps.atu.ac.ir/article_12673_243103da0f37ffe7aaca0adead6b40e9.pdf
2020-12-21
42
17
10.22054/jcps.2021.55243.2434
COVID-19
quarantine
Qualitative Method
Spirituality
Zeinab
Mousavi Almaleki
zmmaleky@gmail.com
1
Master Student in clinical psychology, Department of Psychology, Khatam University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Soheila
Ghomian
soheila_ghomian@yahoo.com
2
Phd in clinical psychology, Maymanat Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Rasoul
Roshan Chesli
rasolroshan@yahoo.com
3
.Associate professor of clinical psychology, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding Author), rasolroshan@yahoo.com
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mina
Bagherinezhad
m.bagherinezhad@gmail.com
4
Departmant of clinical psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Shahed university. Tehran
AUTHOR
Abachizadeh A. (2020). Review of Future Trends of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Epidemic Based on Developed Forecasting Models in the World. Salamat Ijtimai (Community Health). 7(2):221-230.
1
Asmundson, G. J G, Taylor S. (2020). How health anxiety influences responses to viral outbreaks like COVID-19: What all decision-makers, health authorities, and health care professionals need to know. J Anxiety Disord. 71: 102211.
2
Bhatia MS, Goyal S, Singh A, et al. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic–induced panic disorder. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 22(3): 20l02626.
3
Brooks, S., Webster R, Smith L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, Rubin G. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet. 395 (10227), 912-920.
4
Burns N, Grove SK. (2003). Understanding nursing research, saunders.
5
Colaizzi P. (1978). Psychological research as the phenomenologist's view it. In: Vale R, editor. Existentialphenomenological alternatives for psychology. New York: Oxford University Press. 48-71.
6
Cope DG. (2014). Methods and meanings: credibility and trustworthiness of qualitative research. In Oncology nursing forum. 41(1):89-91.
7
Cozad J. (1989). The Practice of Nursing Research: Conduct, Critique and Utilization. Elsevier.
8
Dailey, D. E., & Stewart, A. L. (2007). Psychometric characteristics of the spiritual perspectives scale in pregnant African-American women. Research in Nursing & Health, 30, 61–71.
9
Dehkordi A.M, Eisazadeh F, Aghjanbaglu S. (2020). Psychological Consequences of Patients with Coronavirus (COVID- 19): A Qualitative Study. Iranian Journal of Health Psychology. 4(2): 9-20
10
Dong, X., Wang, L., Tao, Y., Suo, X., Li, Y., Liu, F., Zhao, Y., Zhang, Q. (2017). Psychometric properties of the Anxiety Inventory for Respiratory Disease in patients with COPD in China. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. 12:49-58.
11
Dowling M. (2007). From Husserl to van Manen. A review of different phenomenological approaches. International journal of nursing studies. 44(1): 131-42.
12
Eaude, T. (2009). Happiness, emotional well-being and mental health: What has children's spirituality to offer? International Journal of Children's Spirituality, 14 (3), 185–196.
13
Elms, A. C. (1975). The crisis of confidence in social psychology. American psychologist, 30(10), 967.
14
Farnoosh G, Alishiri G, Hosseini Zijoud SR, Dorostkar R, Jalali Farahani A. (2020). Understanding the 2019-novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Based on Available Evidence - A Narrative Review. J Mil Med. 22 (1) :1-11.
15
Fatemi M, Vahyani M.A Study of Women's Spiritual Experiences and Women's Responsibility in Family Cohesion. JWPS 15(2). 185-203.[Persian].
16
Feist J, Feist G, Roberts T. (2016). Theorises of Personality, trans: Yahya SeyedMohammadi. Tehran.Tehran. Ravan publication. [persian]
17
Fromm, E. (2014). The crisis of psychoanalysis: Essays on Freud, Marx and social psychology. Open Road Media Press.
18
Funk, S., Bansal, S., Bauch, C.T., Eames, K.T., Edmunds, W.J., Galvani, A.P., Klepac, P. (2015). Nine challenges in incorporating the dynamics of behavior in infectious diseases models. Epidemics 10, 21–25.
19
Gong, B., Zhang, S., Yuan, L., & Chen, K. Z. (2020). A balance act: minimizing economic loss while controlling novel coronavirus pneumonia. Journal of Chinese Governance.18, 52-75.
20
Guo Q, Zheng Y, Shi J, et al. (2020). Immediate psychological distress in quarantined patients with COVID-19 and its association with peripheral inflammation: A mixed-method study. Brain Behav Immun. 88:17-27. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.038
21
Heidari, Hananeh (2020). Investigating the effect of emotional competency training on educational burnout, academic conflict, spiritual health and high-risk behaviors of students with a tendency to go to work in Khorramabad. Master Thesis, Department of Educational Psychology, Lorestan University, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences [Persian].
22
Hodge, D. R., Moser, S.E., & Shafer, M. S. (2013). Spirituality and Mental Health among Homeless Mothers. Social Work Research. 36 (4), 245 – 266.
23
https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/#countries
24
Huang, Y., & Zhao, N. (2020). Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 epidemic in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry research. 45, 15-22.
25
Interpretation of pneumonia diagnosis and treatment scheme for novel coronavirus infection (trial version 6) [EB/OL]. (2020). Available at: http://www.nhc.gov.cn/cs/zhengcwj/202002/8334a8326dd94d329df351d7da8aefc2.shtml. Accessed February 2, 2020.
26
Jiang, W., Hou, G., Li, J., Peng, C., Wang, S., Liu, S., Zhuang, Q., Chen, J., Liu, H. (2019). Prevalence of H7N9 subtype avian influenza viruses in poultry in China, 2013-2018. Trans boundary emergency diseases. 66 (4), 1758–1761.
27
Lai, C. C., Shih, T. P., & Ko, W. C. (2020). Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) And Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19): The Epidemic And The Challenges. Int J Antimicrob Agents, 55(3), 69- 74.
28
Lau, J. T., Yang, X., Tsui, H. Y., Pang, E., Wing, Y. K. (2006). Positive mental health-related impacts of the SARS epidemic on the general public in Hong Kong and their associations with other negative impacts. Journal of Infections, 53 (2), 114–124.
29
Marques, J. Dhiman, S. King, R. (2005). Spirituality in the workplace: Developing an integral model and a comprehensive definition. American Academy of Business. 7 (1), 81-91.
30
Marx M. (1974). Reflection and research in psychology: A phenomenological study of learning: Hunt Publishing Company. 675-6 p.
31
Miller, J. P., & Nakagawa, Y. (Eds.). (2002). Nurturing our wholeness: Perspectives on spirituality in education. Brandon, VT: The Foundation for Educational Renewal.
32
Ministry of Health and Medical Education. (2020). New corona virus country guidelines. http://sapiba. com. [Persian] (Ministry of Health and Medical Education, 2020; Wu, Peng & Huang, 2020)
33
Mirzayi N. Investigating the role of spirituality in the quality of family communication. The First International Conference on Humanities with Indigenous-Islamic Approach and Emphasis on New Research.2015, 12-20. .[Persian].
34
Musapour H, changi ashtiyani J, kahrobaei kalkhuran alya M. Spiritual and Existential Growth and COVID 19 pandemic: A qualitative study. rph. 2020; 14 (1) :56-70 [persian].
35
Parker, I. (2013). The Crisis in Modern Social Psychology (Psychology Revivals): and how to end it. Routledge.
36
Qiu, J., Shen, B., Zhao, M., Wang, Z., Xie, B., & Xu, Y. (2020). A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations. General Psychiatry, 33, 1-4.
37
Rahimnia M, Rasoulian M. (2006). Comparison of Adaptation Mechanisms of Adolescents of the Center for Correction and Education and High School Adolescents. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology", 12 (1), 29- 35. [Persian].
38
Rahmatinejad P, Yazdi M, Khosravi Z, Shahisadrabadi F. Lived Experience of Patients with Coronavirus (Covid-19): A Phenomenological Study. rph. 2020; 14 (1) :71-86 .[Persian].
39
Salaripour, SM, Maktabi, Gh, Alipour Birgani, S. (2017). The relationship between emotional intelligence and religious orientation with death anxiety in retired male employees of Khuzestan Steel Industries Company in Ahvaz. Quarterly Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy Culture of Allameh Tabatabai University. 9 (33), 99-117 .[Persian].
40
Sareen, J., Erickson, J., Medved, M. I. (2013). Risk factors for post-injury mental health problems. Depress Anxiety, 30, 321–327.
41
Schaller, M., Murray, D. R., & Bangerter, A. (2015). Implications of the behavioural immune system for social behaviour and human health in the modern world. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 370, 1–10.
42
Shosha G. (2012). Employment of Colaizzi's strategy in descriptive phenomenology: A reflection of a researcher. Eur Sci J. 8(27).
43
Smith, J., & McSherry, W. (2004). Spirituality and child development: a concept analysis. Journal of advanced nursing, 45 (3), 307-315.
44
Stein D J, Kogan C S, Atmaca M, et al. (2016). The classification of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders in the ICD-11. J Affect Disord. 190: 663–74.
45
Sun N, Wei A. (2020). A qualitative study on the psychological experience of caregivers of COVID-19 patients. AJIC. 48: 592-598
46
Valero-Moreno, S., Lacomba-Trejo, L., Casaña-Granell, S. (2020). Psychometric properties of the questionnaire on threat perception of chronic illnesses in pediatric patients. Revista Latino-americana de Enfermagem. 28:e3242
47
Wang, C.; Pan, R.; Wan, X.; Tan, Y.; Xu, L.; Ho, C.S.; Ho, R.C. (2020). Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17, 1729.
48
World health Organizations, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report–65. 25 March. 2020.
49
Wu JT, Leung K, Leung GM. (2020). Nowcasting and forecasting the potential domestic and international spread of the 2019-nCoV outbreak originating in Wuhan, China: a modelling study. The Lancet.
50
Wu, Z., McGoogan, J. M. (2020). Characteristics of and Important Lessons from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72 314 Cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention external icon. JAMA. Published online: February 24.DOI:10.1001/jama.2020.2648.
51
Xiang, Y. T., Yang, Y., Li, W., Zhang, L., Zhang, Q., Cheung, T., & Ng, C. H. (2020). Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(3), 228–238.
52
Yousefi F, Rafiei S, Tiri T. (2020). Evaluation of spiritual health and its relationship with mental health in new students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences. Journal of Cognitive Psychology and Psychiatry. 6 (4), 100-109. [Persian].
53
Yu SF, Diana TF and Jean W. (2004). Psychometric testing of the Chinese version of the medical outcomes study social support survey (MOS‐SSS‐C). Research in nursing & health. 27(2): 135-143.
54
Yust, K. M., Johnson, A. N., Sasso, S. E., & Roehlkepartain, E. C. (2006). Traditional wisdom: Creating space for religious reflection on child and adolescent spirituality. Nurturing child and adolescent spirituality: Perspectives from the world's religious traditions, 1–14.
55
Zibad, H. A., Foroughan, M., Mohammadi Shahboulaghi, F., Rafiey, H., Rassouli, M. (2016). Perception of Spiritual Health: A Qualitative Content Analysis in Iranian Older Adults. Educational Gerontology. 7, 21-32.
56
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Efficacy of dual focus schema therapy in the treatment of people with substance use disorders comorbid with personality disorders
The rate of personality disorders among drug users is estimated to be up to 50%. The co-occurrence of personality disorders among drug users can potentially lead to increased symptom severity, resistance to treatment, and increased risk of relapse. Using the systematic review method, in the present study, the efficacy of the dual focus schema therapy (DFST) in the treatment of substance use disorders with personality disorders was investigated. Using two databases, namely ScienceDirect and noormags, five eligible articles were reviewed that evaluated the efficacy of dual focus schema therapy (DFST) using case study and randomized controlled trial (RCT). The results showed that despite the positive and promising therapeutic results in the two case studies, three RCT studies showed the least useful results for the efficacy of the dual focus schema therapy (DFST) and that the dual focus schema therapy (DFST) is not a more effective option compared to the other forms of intervention, and more accurate evaluation requires further RCTs
https://jcps.atu.ac.ir/article_13190_0c86d2cb0fc178b0f502456096460646.pdf
2020-12-21
43
65
10.22054/jcps.2021.58812.2516
comorbidity
dual focus schema therapy
Efficacy
systematic review
Esmaeil
Naseri
enaseri7@yahoo.com
1
Assistant Professor of Psychology at Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies email: e.naseri@ihcs.ac.ir
LEAD_AUTHOR
Agha Yousefi, A. R., Oraki, M., Ghorbani, T., Mahdieh, M. (2016). Determining the extent of dialectical behavior therapy on increasing self-differentiation in women with comorbid borderline personality disorders and substance abuse. Journal of Clinical Psychology Studies, 6 (23), 80-61. (in Persian)
1
Agha Yousefi, A., Tarkhan, M., Ghorbani, . (2015). The effect of dialectical behavior therapy on reducing impulsivity in women with comorbidity of borderline personality disorders and substance abuse. Addiction Research, 9 (34), 97-79. (in Persian)
2
Ball, S. A. (1998). Manualized treatment for substance abusers with personality disorders: Dual Focus Schema Therapy. Addictive Behaviors, 23, 883–891.
3
Ball, S. A., & Young, J. E. (2000). Dual focus schema therapy for personality disorders and substance dependence: Case study results. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7, 270–281.
4
Ball, S. A. (2004). Treatment of personality disorders with co-occurring substance Dual focus schema therapy. In: J. Magnavita (Ed.), Handbook of personality disorders: Theory and practice. New York: John Wiley.
5
Ball, S. A., Cobb-Richardson, P., Connolly, A. J., Bujosa, C. T., & O'Neall, T. W. (2005). Substance abuse and personality disorders in homeless drop-in center clients: Symptom severity and psychotherapy retention in a randomized clinical trial. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 46, 371-379.
6
Ball, S. A. (2007). Comparing individual therapies for personality disordered opioid dependent patients. Journal of Personality Disorders, 21: 305-321.
7
Ball, S. A. (2007). Cognitive-Behavioral and Schema-Based Models for the Treatment of Substance Use Disorders. In Riso, L. P., Toit, P. L., Stein, D. J. and Young, J. E. (Eds.), Cognitive Schemas and Core Beliefs in Psychological Problems: A Scientist-Practitioner Guide. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
8
Ball, S. A., Maccarelli, L. M., LaPaglia, D. M., Ostrowski, M. J. (2011). Randomized trial of dual-focused vs. single-focused individual therapy for personality disorders and substance dependence. Nervous and Mental Disease, 199, 319–28.
9
Basu, D., Sarkar, S., & Mattoo, S. K. (2013). Psychiatric Comorbidity in Patients With Substance Use Disorders Attending an Addiction Treatment Center in India Over 11 Years: Case for a Specialized “Dual Diagnosis Clinic”. Journal of Dual Diagnosis, 9(1), 23-29.
10
European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. (2015). Comorbidity of substance use and mental
11
disorders in Europe. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
12
Fraser, R., Isaif, L., Teles, D., Laporte, L. (2021) Personality Disorders and Addiction Disorders. In: el-Guebaly N., Carrà G., Galanter M., Baldacchino A.M. (eds) Textbook of Addiction Treatment. Springer.
13
Hartwell, K. J., Tolliver, B. K., Brady, K. T.(2009). Biologic Commonalities between Mental Illness and Addiction. Prim psychiatry, 16(8), 33–39.
14
Kazemi, D. M., Borsari, B., Levine, M. J., Li, S., Lamberson, K. A., & Matta, L. A. (2017). A Systematic Review of the mHealth Interventions to Prevent Alcohol and Substance Abuse, Journal of Health Communication, 22(5), 413-432.
15
Lee, N. K., Cameron, J., & Jenner, L. (2015). A systematic review of interventions for co-occurring substance use and borderline personality disorders. Drug and Alcohol Review, 34, 663–672.
16
Marlatt, G. A., & Gordon, J. R. (1985). Relapse prevention. New York: Guilford Press.
17
Menon, J., & Kandasamy, A. (2018). Relapse prevention. Indian journal of psychiatry, 60(4), 473–478.
18
Molavi, P., Sadeghi Movahed, F., Abul Hassanzadeh, M., Mashoufi, M., Mohammad Nia, H., Dailami, P., & Arab, R. (2009). Study of personality disorders among people with drug abuse disorders referred to Ardabil Addiction Treatment Center in 2008. Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, 9 (4), 333-325. (in Persian)
19
Naseri, E., Sohrabi, F., Borjali, A., Falsafinejad, M. R. (2014). The efficacy of dual focused schema therapy in reducing the severity of drug dependence in men with antisocial personality disorder. Health Psychology, 4 (1), 112-99. (in Persian)
20
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). (2018). Comorbidity: Substance Use Disorders and Other Mental Illnesses.
21
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). (2020). Common Comorbidities with Substance Use Disorders Research Report.
22
Prodromou, M., Kyritsi, E., Koukia, E. (2014). Dual diagnosis affects prognosis in patients with drug dependence in integrative care setting. Health Science Journal, 8(2),216-228.
23
Sepehrmanesh, Z., Ahmadvand, A., Qureshi, F. S., Mousavi, S. G. (2008). A study of personality traits of injecting drug users in Kashan prison in 2006. Feyz Research Quarterly, 12 (1), 75-69. (in Persian)
24
Spencer, A. E., Valentine, S. E., Sikov, J., Yule, A. M., Hsu, H., Hallett, E., Xuan, Z., Silverstein, M., and Fortuna, L. (2021). Principles of Care for Young Adults With Co-Occurring Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders. Pediatrics January, 147 (2) 229-239.
25
Sureshkumar, K., Kailash, S., Dalal, P. K., Reddy, M. M., & Sinha, P. K. (2017). Psychosocial Factors Associated with Relapse in Patients with Alcohol Dependence. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 39(3),312-315.
26
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2020). World drug report.
27
Wai, J.M., Shulman, M., Nunes, E.V., Hasin, D.S., Weiss, R.D. (2021). Co-occurring Mood and Substance Use Disorders. In: el-Guebaly N., Carrà G., Galanter M., Baldacchino A.M. (eds) Textbook of Addiction Treatment. Springer, Cham.
28
Walter, M. (2015). Personality Disorder and Addiction. In: Dom G., Moggi F. (eds) Co-occurring Addictive and Psychiatric Disorders. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
29
Young, J. E., Klosko, J. S., & Weishaar, M. E. (2003). Schema therapy: A practitioner’s guide. New York: Guilford Press.
30
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Personality characteristics, sense of coherence, and late-life anxiety: A structural equation modeling
Research findings have shown that personality characteristics play an important role in studying factors affecting anxiety among older adults. Despite the importance of this relationship, its underlying mechanism is still unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of sense of coherence in the relationship between neuroticism and self-esteem as personality characteristics and anxiety among older adults. A cross-sectional and correlational design was used for this study. The sample included 230 community-dwelling older adults (aged 60-97) from November to December 2019 in Tehran. Data were collected through the sociodemographic variables, the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory-20 (Pachana, 2007), the Sense of Coherence-13 scale (Antonovsky, 1993), the Big Five Inventory (Rammstedt & John, 2007) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965). Based on a multi-stage sampling approach, data were collected and analyzed with the structural equation modeling. The older adults with high scores in neuroticism and low self-esteem showed a low level of sense of coherence. Low level of sense of coherence was associated with fewer symptoms of anxiety in older adults. Besides, sense of coherence partially mediated the relationship between personality characteristics (neuroticism and self-esteem) and anxiety in the elderly.
Regarding the mediating effect of sense of coherence in the relationship between personality characteristics (neuroticism and self-esteem) and anxiety, improving the level of sense of coherence may be an acceptable intervention to alleviate anxiety among older adults that suffer from neuroticism and low self-esteem.
https://jcps.atu.ac.ir/article_13183_e10ad63df36004a3657a13e5532aecb3.pdf
2020-12-21
67
81
10.22054/jcps.2021.58969.2522
Neuroticism
Self-esteem
sense of coherence
late-life anxiety
structural equation modeling
Saba
Naderzadeh
saranaderzadeh@gmail.com
1
Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahdi
Khanjani
khanjani.mahdi@gmail.com
2
Faculty of Psychology & Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Antonovsky, A. (1979). Health, stress, and coping.
1
Antonovsky, A. (1993). The salutogenic approach to aging. Lecture Held in Berkeley.
2
Chen, W., Zhang, D., Pan, Y., Hu, T., Liu, G., & Luo, S. (2017). Perceived social support and self-esteem as mediators of the relationship between parental attachment and life satisfaction among Chinese adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 108, 98–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.12.009
3
Chen, X., Pu, J., Shi, W., & Zhou, Y. (2017). The Impact of Neuroticism on Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression in Elderly Adults : the Mediating Role of Rumination.
4
Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. Modern Methods for Business Research, 295(2), 295–336.
5
Cohen, O. (1997). On the origins of a sense of coherence: Sociodemographic characteristics, or narcissism as a personality trait. Social Behavior and Personality, 25(1), 49–58. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1997.25.1.49
6
Crocker, J., & Park, L. E. (2004). The costly pursuit of self-esteem. Psychological Bulletin, 130(3), 392.
7
Drageset, J., Eide, G. E., & Hauge, S. (2016). Symptoms of depression, sadness and sense of coherence (coping) among cognitively intact older people with cancer living in nursing homes-a mixed-methods study. PeerJ, 2016(6). https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2096
8
Eriksson, M., & Lindström, B. (2006). Antonovsky's sense of coherence scale and the relation with health: a systematic review. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 60(5), 376–381.
9
Feldt, T., Metsäpelto, R.-L., Kinnunen, U., & Pulkkinen, L. (2007). Sense of coherence and five-factor approach to personality: Conceptual relationships. European Psychologist, 12(3), 165–172.
10
Gee, S. L. M., Höltge, J., Maercker, A., Thoma, M. V, Mc, S. L., Höltge, J., Maercker, A., Thoma, M. V, & Gee, S. L. M. (2017). Evaluation of the revised Sense of Coherence scale in a sample of older adults : A means to assess resilience aspects means to assess resilience aspects. Aging & Mental Health, 0(0), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2017.1364348
11
Geisser, S. (1974). A predictive approach to the random effect model. Biometrika, 61(1), 101–107.
12
Griffith, J. W., Zinbarg, R. E., Craske, M. G., Mineka, S., Rose, R. D., Waters, A. M., & Sutton, J. M. (2010). Neuroticism as a common dimension in the internalizing disorders. Psychological Medicine, 40(7), 1125.
13
Greenberg, J., Pyszczynski, T., & Solomon, S. (1986). The causes and consequences of a need for self-esteem: A terror management theory. In Public self and private self (pp. 189–212). Springer.
14
Guo, L. N., Liu, Y. J., McCallum, J., Söderhamn, U., Ding, X. F., Yv, S. Y., … Guo, Y. R. (2018). Perceived stress and depression amongst older stroke patients: Sense of coherence as a mediator? Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 79, 164–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2018.08.010
15
Kövi, Z., Odler, V., Gacsályi, S., Hittner, J. B., Hevesi, K., Hübner, A., & Aluja, A. (2017). Sense of coherence as a mediator between personality and depression. Personality and Individual Differences, 114, 119–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.03.064
16
Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(2), 139–152.
17
Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Mena, J. A. (2012). An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in marketing research. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(3), 414–433.
18
Hansell, N. K., Wright, M. J., Medland, S. E., Davenport, T. A., Wray, N. R., Martin, N. G., & Hickie, I. B. (2012). Genetic co-morbidity between neuroticism, anxiety/depression and somatic distress in a population sample of adolescent and young adult twins. Psychological Medicine, 42(6), 1249.
19
Henseler, J., & Fassott, G. (2010). Testing moderating effects in PLS path models: An illustration of available procedures. In Handbook of partial least squares (pp. 713–735). Springer.
20
Hojat, M. (1987). Psychometric characteristics and dimensionality of a Persian version of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. February 2019. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1987.65.1.27
21
Hopkins, L. (2016). Partial least squares structural equation modeling ( PLS-SEM ) An emerging tool in business research. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-10-2013-0128
22
Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(6), 593–602.
23
Kikuchi, Y., Nakaya, M., Ikeda, M., Okuzumi, S., Takeda, M., & Nishi, M. (2014). Sense of coherence and personality traits related to depressive state. Psychiatry Journal, 2014, 738923. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/738923
24
Lindstrom, B., & Eriksson, M. (2006). Contextualizing salutogenesis and Antonovsky in public health development. Health Promotion International, 21(3), 238–244. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dal016
25
Lindström, B., & Eriksson, M. (2010). A salutogenic approach to tackling health inequalities. In Health Assets in a Global Context: Theory, Methods, Action. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5921-8_2
26
Liu, Y., Wang, Z., Zhou, C., & Li, T. (2014). Affect and self-esteem as mediators between trait resilience and psychological adjustment. Personality and Individual Differences, 66, 92–97.
27
Nations, U. (2017). .(2017).World population ageing - Highlights. Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division.ST/ESA/SER.A/397. Http://Www.Un.Org/En/Development/Desa/Population/Publications/Pdf/Ageing/WPA2017_Highlights.Pdf.
28
Olfson, M., Broadhead, W. E., Weissman, M. M., Leon, A. C., Farber, L., Hoven, C., & Kathol, R. (1996). Subthreshold psychiatric symptoms in a primary care group practice. Archives of General Psychiatry, 53(10), 880–886.
29
Orth, U., Robins, R. W., & Roberts, B. W. (2008). Low self-esteem prospectively predicts depression in adolescence and young adulthood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(3), 695.
30
Pachana, N. A., Byrne, G. J., Siddle, H., Koloski, N., Harley, E., & Arnold, E. (2007). Development and validation of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory. International Psychogeriatrics, 19(1), 103–114. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610206003504
31
Pålsson, M.-B., Hallberg, I. R., Norberg, A., & Björvell, H. (1996). Burnout, empathy and sense of coherence among Swedish district nurses before and after systematic clinical supervision. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 10(1), 19–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6712.1996.tb00305.x
32
Pyszczynski, T., Greenberg, J., Solomon, S., Arndt, J., & Schimel, J. (2004). Why do people need self-esteem? A theoretical and empirical review. Psychological Bulletin, 130(3), 435.
33
Sagy, S., Bauer, G. F., & Lindstro¨m, B. (2017). The Handbook of Salutogenesis. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04600-6
34
Stone, M. (1974). Cross‐validatory choice and assessment of statistical predictions. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Methodological), 36(2), 111–133.
35
Świtaj, P., Grygiel, P., Chrostek, A., Nowak, I., Wciórka, J., & Anczewska, M. (2017). The relationship between internalized stigma and quality of life among people with mental illness: are self-esteem and sense of coherence sequential mediators? Quality of Life Research, 26(9), 2471–2478. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-017-1596-3
36
Wolfradt, U., Hempel, S., & Miles, J. N. V. (2003). Perceived parenting styles, depersonalisation, anxiety and coping behaviour in adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 34(3), 521–532.
37
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Implicit Stimulation in Visual Hemisphere-Specific According to Bakker’s Balance Model on Reading and Writing in Linguistic Developmental Dyslexia: Case Study
Individuals with developmental dyslexia have difficulties with accurate and fluent word recognition and spelling. Hemisphere alluding stimulation (HAS) is one of the neuropsychological techniques to stimulate cerebral hemispheres through the visual vessel, by word selection with various sizes and fonts. It increases the perceptual traits of the text and balances the reading speed by stimulating the right hemisphere. The aim was to investigate the efficacy of the implicit stimulation in visual hemisphere-specific according to the Bakker’s Balance Model for the reading and spelling skills in two students with the linguistic developmental dyslexia. In a single-subject design, two female students (mean age = 9.35 years) were selected through convenience sampling from the 3rd grade in the elementary school. They were diagnosed as having the linguistic developmental dyslexia, evaluated by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV), who answered the Diagnostic Reading Disorder Test (DRDT) and the Writing Disorder Test (WDT). One student was considered a case subject and the other one a control subject. The case received implicit stimulation in visual hemisphere-specific for 16 sessions (twice a week), but the control subject did not. After the intervention and three months later, the subjects answered the DRDT and WDT again. The results of the visual analysis in combination with the non-overlap methods were used to calculate the effect size. The findings showed that the intervention increased the reading fluency (effect size = 90.74%), reading comprehension (effect size = 69.11%), reading speed (effect size = 200%), and spelling mistakes (effect size = 62.5%) of the case subject. The efficacy of the implicit stimulation in cerebral hemisphere was significant (p < 0.01), even three months later. We conclude that the implicit stimulation in visual hemisphere-specific is probably an effective method for improving the functioning of the reading and spelling skills in people with the linguistic developmental dyslexia.
https://jcps.atu.ac.ir/article_13185_70a4df87dbfac0766c26d739caa85653.pdf
2020-12-21
83
98
10.22054/jcps.2021.59785.2540
Developmental dyslexia
Visual hemisphere-specific
Reading
Spelling
Masoume
Pourmohamadreza-Tajrishi
mpmrtajrishi@gmail.com
1
PhD in psychology, Associate Professor, Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, Department of Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
sahar
Pahlavan Neshan
s.pahlavanneshan@gmail.com
2
. PhD candidate, Department of Educational Psychology, University of Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, Iran, (Corresponding author).
AUTHOR
Tahereh
Najafi Fard
njffrd64@yahoo.com
3
PhD candidate, Department of Psychology and Exceptional Children Education, University of Allameh Tabatabaee, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
American Psychiatric Association (APA). (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th edition. Washington, DC. American Psychiatric Publishing.
1
Babapour Kheiroddin, Jalil., Porsharifi, Hamid., Hamedi, Zahra. (2015). The effectiveness of neuropsychological methods on increasing the comprehension of students with developmental dyslexia. University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Journal of Learning Disabilities, 4(2), 22-37.
2
BaEzzat, Fereshte., BaniJamali, ShokoohSadat., Mo’azzemi, Davood. (2006). Effects of neuropsychological treatment on the reading efficacy of Iranian students with developmental dyslexia of linguistic type. Psychological Studies, 2(1 & 2), 107-124.
3
Bakker, Dirk J. (2006). Treatment of developmental dyslexia: A review. Pediatric Rehabilitation, 9(1), 3-13.
4
Bakker, Dirk, J., Hakvoort, Frans, J. (2020). Dyslexia according to the Balance Model: research 2000-2020. Linked-in, Research Gate.
5
Bakker, Dirk J., Licht, Robert E., Kappers Jan. (1995). Hemispheric stimulation techniques in children with dyslexia. In Tranmontana M.G., Hooper S.R (eds) Advances in Child Neuropsychology, 3, 144-177.
6
Baker, Dirk J., Vinke, Jan. (1985). Effects of hemisphere-specific stimulation on brain activity and reading in dyslexics. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 7(5), 505-525.
7
Behrmann, M. & Geskin, Jacob. (2018). Over time, the right results will emerge, Cognitive Neuropsychology, 35 (1-2), 102-111, DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2018.1447917
8
Campbell Keith W., Bonacci, Angelica M., Shelton, Jeremy. Exline, Julie J., Bushman Brad J. (2004). Psychological entitlement: Interpersonal consequences and validation of a new self-report measure, Journal of Personality Assessment, 83(1), 29-45.
9
Cancer, Alice. Bonacina, Silvia. Antonietti, Alessandro. Salandi, Antonio. Molteni, Massimo. Lorusso, Maria Luisa. (2020).The effectiveness of interventions for developmental dyslexia: rhythmic reading training compared with hemisphere-specific stimulation and action video games. Frontiers in Psychology, 3. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01158
10
Frey, Aline., François, Clement., Chobert, Julie., Velay, Jean.-Luc., Habib, Michel., Besson, Mireille. (2019). Music training positively influences the preattentive perceptionof voice onset time in children with dyslexia: a longitudinal study. Brain Sciences. 9(4), 91. doi: 10.3390/brainsci9040091
11
Friedmann, Naama. & Coltheart, Max. (2018). Types of developmental dyslexia In Handbook of Communication Disorders edited by ElitzurHG Dattner and Dorit Ravid, 721-752. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, https://doi.org/10.1515/9781614514909-036
12
Gibson, Sandra., Leinster, Samuel. (2011). How do students with dyslexia perform in extended matching questions, short answer questions and observed structured clinical examinations? Advances in Health Sciences Education, 16, 395–404
13
Huber, Elizabeth, Donnelly, Patrick. M., Ariel Rokem, Ariel. & Yeatman, Jason D. (2018). Rapid and widespread white matter plasticity during an intensive reading intervention." Nature communications, 9(1), 1-13.
14
Fallahchai, Seyyed Reza. (1995). The survey dyslexia and dysgraphia in elementary students (MSc Thesis). Tehran, Iran: Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University. 31-32 (Persian).
15
Goldstein, Bram H., Obrzut John E. (2001). Neuropsychological treatment of dyslexia in the classroom setting. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 34(3), 276-285.
16
Heim, Stefan. & Grande, Marion. (2012). Fingerprints of developmental dyslexia. Trends in Neuroscience and Education 1(1), 10-14. doi: 10.1016/j.tine.2012.09.001
17
Kappers, Jan E., Dekker, Marjolein. (1995). Bilingual effects of unilingual neuropsychological treatment of dyslexic adolescents: A pilot study. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 1(5), 494-500.
18
Kuerten, Anna B., Mota, Mailce B., Segaert, Katrien. (2019). Developmental dyslexia: A condensed review of literature. Ilha do Desterro, 72(3), 249-270. DOI: 10.5007/2175-8026.2019v72n3p249
19
Lorusso, Maria Luisa., Facoetti, Andrea. Bakker, Dirk J. (2011). Neuropsychological treatment of dyslexia: Does type of treatment matter? Journal of Learning Disabilities, 44(2), 136-149.
20
Medina, Giovanna B K., & Guimarães, Sandra R K. (2021). Reading in developmental dyslexia: the role of phonemic awareness and executive functions. Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas), 38, e180178.https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0275202138e180178
21
Nasefat, Morteza. (2001). Diagnostic Reading Disorder Test. Final report of research project. Tehran: University of Tehran.
22
Norton, Elizabeth S., Beach, Sara D., and Gabrieli, John D. (2015). Neurobiology of dyslexia. Current. Opinion in. Neurobiology. 30, 73–78. doi:10.1016/j.conb.2014.09.007
23
Pahlavanneshan, Sahar., Pourmohamadreza-Tajrishi, Masoume., Sajedi, Firoozeh. (2015). The effect of psychological immunization on pessimistic attribution of female students with dyslexia. Iranian Rehabilitation Journal, 13(2), 68-73.
24
Pennington, Bruce F. (2006). From single to multiple deficit models of developmental disorders. Cognition, 101(2), 385–413. doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2006.04.008
25
Peters, Jessica L., De Losa, Lauren, Bavin, Edith L., Crewther, Sheila G. (2019). Efficacy of dynamic visuo-attentional interventions for reading in dyslexic and neurotypical children: A systematic review. Neuroscience and. Biobehavioral Reviews. 100, 58–76. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.02.015
26
Ramus, Franck. (2005). Neurobiology of dyslexia: A reinterpretation of the data. Trends in Neurosciences, 27, 720-726.
27
Ramus, Frank., Marshall, Chloe R., Rosen, Stuart., and van der Lely, Heather K. J. (2013). Phonological deficits in specific language impairment and developmental dyslexia: towards a multidimensional model. Brain 136(2), 630–645. doi: 10.1093/brain/aws356
28
Razavieh, Asghar. & Shahim, Sima. (1992). A short form of the Wechsler preschool and primary scale of intelligence for use in Iran. Psychological Reports, 71(3), 863-866.
29
Reid, Gavin. (2009). Dyslexia: A practitioner’s Handbook. (4rd edition). Wiley-Blackwell: A John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Publication.
30
Robertson, Jean. (2000). Neuropsychological intervention in dyslexia: two studies on British pupils. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 33(2), 137-148.
31
Sadeghi, Ahmad., Rabiee, Mohammad., Abedi, Mohammad Reza. (2011). Validation and reliability of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV. Developmental Psychology: Iranian Psychological, 7(28), 377-386.
32
Sadock, Benjamin J., Sadock, Virgina A., Ruiz, Pedro (2014). Kaplan and Sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry: behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry. 11th edition. Walters Kluwer Publication.
33
Vanderauwera, Joline., De Vos, Astrid., Forkel, Stephanie J., Catani, Marco., Wouters, Jan., Vandermosten, Maaile. & Ghesquière, Pol. (2018). Neural organization of ventral white matter tracts parallels the initial steps of reading development: ADTI tractography study. Brain and Language, 183, 32-40.
34
Wood, Frank B., Grigorenko, Elena L. (2001). Emerging issues in the genetics of dyslexia: A methodological preview. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 34(6), 503-511.
35
Yahyaee, Marziyeh., M, Pourmohamadreza-Tajrishi, Masoume., Sajedi, Firoozeh., Biglarian, Akbar. (2014). The effect of attribution retraining group program on depression of students with learning disabilities. Developmental Psychology: Iranian Psychologists, 10(39), 263-273.
36
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparison of quality of life (QoL) in patients undergoing hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis
The growing incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) suggests a surge in the number of patients undergoing dialysis and experiencing the problems associated with this treatment, one of which is low quality of life (QoL). The present study was conducted to compare QoL among patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) and hemodialysis (HD). This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 77 HD patients and 46 PD patients who were admitted to Imam Reza and Ghaem hospitals, Tehran, Iran, in 2018. QoL was assessed using the Short Form (36) Health Survey (SF-36). The resulting data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, and ANOVA. Urinary tract infection and income level had a significant impact on QoL. In addition, QoL differed significantly between HD and PD patients, such that PD patients enjoyed a greater QoL score. Similarly, there was a significant difference between HD and PD patients in terms of general health, social functioning, energy and vitality, emotional health, as well as objective and mental aspects of quality of life. In fact, PD patients showed higher scores in all these domains. In addition, bodily pain was higher in HD patients than PD patients. Based on the findings, the overall QoL in PD patients was higher than that of HD patients. Thus, considering the advantages of PD, patients should be encouraged to choose this treatment method
https://jcps.atu.ac.ir/article_13186_80639e5de5edc40dd825cfc51f31d968.pdf
2020-12-21
99
112
10.22054/jcps.2021.61828.2595
Chronic kidney disease
Hemodialysis
peritoneal dialysis
Quality of life QoL
Nazanin
Vahed
drnazaninvahed@gmail.com
1
GP Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Medical Branch, Tehran.
AUTHOR
Raana
Karami
raana.karami@gmail.com
2
PhD in Clinical Psychology/Psychopathology, University of Strasbourg, France (Corresponding Author)
LEAD_AUTHOR
Maglakelidze N, Pantsulaia T, Tchokhonelidze I, Managadze L,
1
Chkhotua A, editors. Assessment of health-related quality of life in
2
renal transplant recipients and dialysis patients. Transplantation
3
proceedings; 2011: Elsevier.
4
.2 Jansz TT, Bonenkamp AA ,Boereboom FT, Van Reekum FE, Verhaar
5
MC, Van Jaarsveld BC. Health-related quality of life compared between
6
kidney transplantation and nocturnal hemodialysis. PloS one.
7
2018;13(9):e0204405.
8
.3 Li Y-N, Shapiro B, Kim JC, Zhang M, Porszasz J, Bross R, et al .
9
Association between quality of life and anxiety, depression, physical
10
109 Investigating the Efficacy of Implicit Stimulation in Visual
11
activity and physical performance in maintenance hemodialysis
12
patients. Chronic diseases and translational medicine. 2016;2(2):110-9.
13
.4 Brunner LS. Brunner & Suddarth's textbook of medical-surgical
14
nursing: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2010.
15
.5 Yildiz N, Erguven M, Yildiz M, Ozdogan T, Turhan Pn. Acute
16
peritoneal dialysis in neonates with acute kidney injury and
17
hypernatremic dehydration. Peritoneal Dialysis International.
18
2013;33.6-292:)3(
19
.6 Rahimimoghadam Z, Rahemi Z, Sadat Z, Ajorpaz NM. Pilates exercises
20
and quality of life of patients with chronic kidney disease.
21
Complementary therapies in clinical practice. 2019;34:35-40.
22
.7 Ring A, Jacoby A, Baker GA, Marson A, Whitehead MM .Does the
23
concept of resilience contribute to understanding good quality of life in
24
the context of epilepsy? Epilepsy & Behavior. 2016;56:153-64.
25
.8 Gilbertson EL, Krishnasamy R, Foote C, Kennard AL, Jardine MJ,
26
Gray NA. Burden of care and quality of life among caregivers for adults
27
receiving maintenance dialysis: a systematic review. American Journal
28
of Kidney Diseases. 2019;73(3):332-43.
29
.9 Mittal SK, Ahern L, Flaster E, Maesaka JK, Fishbane S. Self‐assessed
30
physical and mental function of haemodialysis patients. Nephrology
31
Dialysis Transplantation. 2001;16(7):1387-94.
32
.12 Tamura Y, Urawa A, Watanabe S, Hasegawa T, Ogura T, Nishikawa K,
33
et al., editors. Mood status and quality of life in kidney recipients after
34
transplantation. Transplantation proceedings; 2018: Elsevier.
35
.11 De Pasquale C, Veroux M, Pistorio M, Papotto A, Basile G, Patanè M,
36
et al., editors. Return to work and quality of life: a psychosocial survey
37
after kidney transplant. Transplantation proceedings; 2019: Elsevier.
38
.12 Lee M-C, Wu S-FV, Hsieh N-C, Tsai J-M. Self-management programs
39
on eGFR, depression, and quality of life among patients with chronic
40
kidney disease: a meta-analysis. Asian Nursing Research.
41
2016;10(4):255-62.
42
.13 Moreiras-Plaza M, Blanco-García R, Cossio-Aranibar CR ,RodriguezGoyanes G. Assessment of health-related quality of life: the cinderella
43
of peritoneal dialysis? International journal of nephrology. 2011;2011.
44
.14 Zyga S, Alikari V, Sachlas A, Stathoulis J, Aroni A, Theofilou P, et al.
45
Management of pain and quality of life in patients with chronic kidney
46
disease undergoing hemodialysis. Pain Management Nursing.
47
2015;16(5):712-20.
48
.15 Paniagua R, Amato D, Vonesh E, Guo A, Mujais S. Health-related
49
quality of life predicts outcomes but is not affected by peritoneal
50
clearance: The ADEMEX trial. Kidney international. 2005;67(3):1093-
51
Quarterly of Clinical Psychology Studies, Vol. 11, No. 41, Winter 2021 110
52
.16 Ellis RJ, Small DM, Ng KL, Vesey DA, Vitetta L, Francis RS, et al.
53
Indoxyl sulfate induces apoptosis and hypertrophy in human kidney
54
proximal tubular cells. Toxicologic Pathology. 2018;46(4):449-59.
55
.17 Diaz-Buxo JA, Lowrie EG, Lew NL, Zhang H, Lazarus JM. Quality-oflife evaluation using Short Form 36: comparison in hemodialysis and
56
peritoneal dialysis patients. American Journal of Kidney Diseases.
57
2000;35(2):293-300.
58
.18 Chan R, Brooks R, Steel Z, Heung T, Erlich J, Chow J, et al. The
59
psychosocial correlates of quality of life in the dialysis population: a
60
systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Quality of Life
61
Research. 2012;21(4):563-80.
62
.19 Theofilou P. Quality of life in patients undergoing hemodialysis or
63
peritoneal dialysis treatment. Journal of clinical medicine research.
64
2011;3(3):132.
65
.22 de Abreu MM, Walker DR, Sesso RC, Ferraz MB. Health-related
66
quality of life of patients recieving hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis
67
in São Paulo, Brazil: a longitudinal study. Value in health.
68
2011;14(5):S119-S21.
69
.21 Zeraati AA, Naghibi M, Ahmad Zadeh S, Hasan Zamani B.
70
Comparison of quality of life between hemodialysis and peritoneal
71
dialysis patients in Imam Reza and Ghaem hospital dialysis centers in
72
Mashhad. medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences.
73
2010;53(3):169-76.
74
.22 Abbaszadeh A, Javanbakhtian R, Salehee S, Motvaseliyan M.
75
Comparative assessment of quality of life in hemodialysis and kidney
76
transplant patients. SSU_Journals. 2010;18(5):461-8.
77
.23 Zeraati AA, Naghibi M, Ojahedi MJ, Ahmad Zadeh S, Hasan Zamani
78
B. Comparison of quality of life between hemodialysis and peritoneal
79
dialysis patients in Imam Reza and Ghaem hospital dialysis centers in
80
Mashhad. medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences.
81
2010;53(3):169-76.
82
.24 Liem YS, Bosch JL, Arends LR, Heijenbrok-Kal MH, Hunink MM.
83
Quality of life assessed with the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form
84
36-Item Health Survey of patients on renal replacement therapy: a
85
systematic review and meta-analysis. Value in Health. 2007;10(5):390-
86
.25 Sayin A, Mutluay R, Sindel S, editors. Quality of life in hemodialysis,
87
peritoneal dialysis, and transplantation patients. Transplantation
88
proceedings; 2007: Elsevier.
89
.26 Zhang A-H, Cheng L-T, Zhu N, Sun L-H, Wang T. Comparison of
90
quality of life and causes of hospitalization between hemodialysis and
91
111 Investigating the Efficacy of Implicit Stimulation in Visual
92
peritoneal dialysis patients in China. Health and quality of life
93
outcomes. 2007;5(1):49.
94
.27 Zazzeroni L, Pasquinelli G, Nanni E, Cremonini V, Rubbi I.
95
Comparison of quality of life in patients undergoing hemodialysis and
96
peritoneal dialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Kidney and
97
Blood Pressure Research. 2017;42(4):717-27.
98
.28 Dąbrowska-Bender M, Dykowska G, Żuk W, Milewska M,
99
Staniszewska A. The impact on quality of life of dialysis patients with
100
renal insufficiency. Patient preference and adherence. 2018;12:577.
101
.29 Powe NR, Klag MJ, Sadler JH, Anderson GF, Bass EB, Briggs WA, et
102
al., editors. Choices for healthy outcomes in caring for end stage renal
103
disease. Seminars in Dialysis; 1996: Wiley Online Library.
104
.32 Dalal P, Sangha H, Chaudhary K. In peritoneal dialysis, is there
105
sufficient evidence to make “PD first” therapy? International journal of
106
nephrology. 2011;2011.
107
.31 Ferreira RC, Silva Filho CRd. Quality of life of chronic renal patients
108
on hemodialysis in Marília, SP, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of
109
Nephrology. 2011;33(2):129-35.
110
.32 Merkus MP, Jager KJ, Dekker FW, Boeschoten EW, Stevens P, Krediet
111
RT, et al. Quality of life in patients on chronic dialysis: self-assessment
112
3 months after the start of treatment. American journal of kidney
113
diseases. 1997;29(4):584-92.
114
.33 Jiang J, Zheng X, Qin J, Zheng M, Mao Q, Zhang Z, et al. Healthrelated quality of life after hand-assisted laparoscopic and open radical
115
nephrectomies of renal cell carcinoma. International urology and
116
nephrology. 2009;41(1):23-7.
117
.34 Kutner NG, Zhang R, Barnhart H, Collins AJ. Health status and quality
118
of life reported by incident patients after 1 year on haemodialysis or
119
peritoneal dialysis. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation.
120
2005;20(10):2159-67.
121
.35 Szabo E, Moody H, Hamilton T, Ang C, Kovithavongs C, Kjellstrand
122
C. Choice of treatment improves quality of life :a study on patients
123
undergoing dialysis. Archives of Internal Medicine.
124
1997;157(12):1352-6.
125
.36 Khalil AA, Abed MA. Perceived social support is a partial mediator of
126
the relationship between depressive symptoms and quality of life in
127
patients receiving hemodialysis. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing.
128
2014;28(2):114-8.
129
.37 Rambod M, Rafii F. Perceived social support and quality of life in
130
Iranian hemodialysis patients. Journal of Nursing Scholarship.
131
2010;42(3):242-9.
132
Quarterly of Clinical Psychology Studies, Vol. 11, No. 41, Winter 2021 112
133
.38 Sadoughi M, Hesampour F. The relationship between anxiety,
134
depression and perceived social support and quality of life among
135
hemodialysis patients. Journal of Clinical Nursing and Midwifery.
136
2017;6(3):56-71.
137
.39 Sathvik B, Parthasarathi G, Narahari M, Gurudev K. An assessment of
138
the quality of life in hemodialysis patients using the WHOQOL-BREF
139
questionnaire. Indian journal of nephrology. 2008;18(4):141.
140
.42 Smaeli M, Alikhani M, Hosseini F. The quality of life and self efficacy
141
of the patients under hemodialysis. Iran Journal of Nursing .
142
.84-77:)41(18;2225
143
.41 Harris LE, Luft FC, Rudy DW, Tierney WM. Clinical correlates of
144
functional status in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. American
145
journal of kidney diseases. 1993;21(2):161-6.
146
.42 Mingardi G, Cornalba L, Cortinovis E, Ruggiata R, Mosconi P,
147
Apolone G. Health-related quality of life in dialysis patients. A report
148
from an Italian study using the SF-36 Health Survey. DIA-QOL Group.
149
Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation: official publication of the
150
European Dialysis and Transplant Association-European Renal
151
Association. 1999;14(6):1503-10.
152
.43 Soleymanian T, Kokabeh Z, Ramaghi R, Mahjoub A, Argani H.
153
Clinical outcomes and quality of life in hemodialysis diabetic patients
154
versus non-diabetics. Journal of nephropathology. 2017;6.81:)2(
155
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Cognitive-Affective control training reduces worry and GAD symptoms: investigating training and transfer effect
Symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), have been considered as an index of cognitive control deficiency. The aim of this study was to investigate whether enhancing cognitive control over emotional stimuli can decrease worry intrusions and severity of GAD symptoms. Based on the results of structured clinical interview for the DSM-5 (SCID), 45 students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM) were who had GAD, chosen to participate in this study. Then they were assigned equally and randomly to three conditions of intervention, control and active cotrol groups; then they completed PSWQ, GAD-7, emotional stroop task and Go/No Go task as pre-test. The intervention group received 16 sessions of cognitive-affective control training using emotional stroop with trial-based feedback, also the active control group received the same amount of training sessions of emotional stroop with no feedback, and finally the control group was on a waiting list. After post-test assessments, results of ANCOVA showed that training sessions was effective on stroop performance, reduction in worry intrusions and GAD symptoms, while training in cognitive inhibition did not transfer to behavioral inhibition. Findings revealed that not only cognitive control plays a major role in worry and GAD symptoms, but also cognitive control training might be a promising path to decrease the severity of anxiety disorders. Training with emotional stimuli can enhance performance and using trial-based feedback can pave the way to get better clinical results
https://jcps.atu.ac.ir/article_13184_f0e8243b89a3a9766927f0e2f7987c47.pdf
2020-12-21
113
139
10.22054/jcps.2021.60124.2556
Generalized anxiety disorder
Worry
Cognitive Control Training
inhibition
Ehsan
Matinfar
matinfar69@gmail.com
1
Ph.D. student of psychology, Department of clinical Psychology, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Imanollah
Bigdeli
ibigdeli@um.ac.ir
2
.Professor, Department of clinical Psychology, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.(Corresponding Autuor)
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ali
Mashhadi
mashhadi@um.ac.ir
3
.Professor, Department of clinical Psychology, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Abramowitz, J. S., Baucom, D. H., Wheaton, M. G., Boeding, S., Fabricant, L. E., Paprocki, C., & Fischer, M. S. (2013). Enhancing exposure and response prevention for OCD: A couple-based approach. Behavior Modification, 37(2), 189-210.
1
Alvarez, E., & Iacoviello, B. M. (2015). Neuroscience-informed cognitive-affective training interventions for mood and anxiety disorders. Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry, 2(3), 252-261.
2
Anderson, P. L., Price, M., Edwards, S. M., Obasaju, M. A., Schmertz, S. K., Zimand, E., & Calamaras, M. R. (2013). Virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 81(5), 751.
3
Association, A. P. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®): American Psychiatric Pub.
4
Bayrami, M., Movahedi, Y., Kazimi Razai, S. V., & Esmaili, S. (2015). The effect of mindfulness cognitive therapy on pathological worry and anxiety symptoms in students with generalized anxiety disorder. Iranian Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 2(1), 79-90.
5
Beck, A. T., & Clark, D. A. (1997). An information processing model of anxiety: Automatic and strategic processes. Behaviour research and therapy, 35(1), 49-58.
6
Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., & Steer, R. A. (1988). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 56(6), 893.
7
Behar, E., & Borkovec, T. D. (2020). The effects of verbal and imaginal worry on panic symptoms during an interoceptive exposure task. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 135, 103748.
8
Behar, E., DiMarco, I. D., Hekler, E. B., Mohlman, J., & Staples, A. M. (2009). Current theoretical models of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD): Conceptual review and treatment implications. Journal of anxiety disorders, 23(8), 1011-1023.
9
Bishop, S. J. (2009). Trait anxiety and impoverished prefrontal control of attention. Nature neuroscience, 12(1), 92-98.
10
Borkovec, T. (1994). The nature, functions, and origins of worry.
11
Borkovec, T. D. (2019). The role of cognitive and somatic cues in anxiety and anxiety disorders: Worry and relaxation-induced anxiety. In Anxiety and the anxiety disorders (pp. 463-478). Routledge.
12
Borkovec, T. D., Robinson, E., Pruzinsky, T., & DePree, J. A. (1983). Preliminary exploration of worry: Some characteristics and processes. Behaviour research and therapy, 21(1), 9-16.
13
Bosley, H. G., Fisher, A. J., & Taylor, C. B. (2018). Differential responses of positive affect, negative affect, and worry in CBT for generalized anxiety disorder: A person-specific analysis of symptom course during therapy. Psychotherapy Research, 28(4), 630-642.
14
Brown, T. A., Antony, M. M., & Barlow, D. H. (1992). Psychometric properties of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire in a clinical anxiety disorders sample. Behaviour research and therapy, 30(1), 33-37.
15
Calabrese, F., Molteni, R., Racagni, G., & Riva, M. A. (2009). Neuronal plasticity: a link between stress and mood disorders. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 34, S208-S216.
16
Calkins, A. W., McMorran, K. E., Siegle, G. J., & Otto, M. W. (2015). The effects of computerized cognitive control training on community adults with depressed mood. Behavioural and cognitive psychotherapy, 43(5), 578-589.
17
Calkins, A. W., & Otto, M. W. (2013). Testing the boundaries of computerized cognitive control training on symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder. Cognitive therapy and research, 37(3), 587-594.
18
Cavanagh, J. F., & Shackman, A. J. (2015). Frontal midline theta reflects anxiety and cognitive control: meta-analytic evidence. Journal of physiology-Paris, 109(1-3), 3-15.
19
Chiesa, A., Calati, R., & Serretti, A. (2011). Does mindfulness training improve cognitive abilities? A systematic review of neuropsychological findings. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(3), 449-464.
20
Cohen, J. D. (2017). Cognitive control: Core constructs and current considerations. The Wiley handbook of cognitive control, 1-28.
21
Cramer, S. C., Sur, M., Dobkin, B. H., O'brien, C., Sanger, T. D., Trojanowski, J. Q., . . . Chen, D. (2011). Harnessing neuroplasticity for clinical applications. Brain, 134(6), 1591-1609.
22
Crossfield, E., & Damian, M. F. (2021). The role of valence in word processing: Evidence from lexical decision and emotional Stroop tasks. Acta Psychologica, 218, 103359.
23
Dehshiri, G., Golzari, M., Borjali, A., & Sohrabi, F. (2010). Psychometrics particularity of farsi version of Pennsylvania State Worry Questionnaire for college students. Journal of Clinical Psychology, Vol. 1, No. 4.
24
DeMartini, J., Patel, G., & Fancher, T. L. (2019). Generalized anxiety disorder. Annals of internal medicine, 170(7), ITC49-ITC64.
25
Derryberry, D., & Reed, M. A. (2002). Anxiety-related attentional biases and their regulation by attentional control. Journal of abnormal psychology, 111(2), 225.
26
DeRubeis, R. J., Siegle, G. J., & Hollon, S. D. (2008). Cognitive therapy versus medication for depression: treatment outcomes and neural mechanisms. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 9(10), 788-796.
27
Doniger, G. (2011). Mindstreams: Survey responses. support of PJ Snyder, CE Jackson, RC Peterson, AS Khachaturian, J. Kaye, M. Albert, & S. Weintraub (2011), The PAD2020 survey of cognitive instruments for the study of mild cognitive impairments. Alzheimer’s & Dementia: The Journal of Alzheimer’s Association.
28
Eysenck, M. W., & Derakshan, N. (2011). New perspectives in attentional control theory. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(7), 955-960.
29
Ferrari, G. R., Vanderhasselt, M. A., Rinck, M., Demeyer, I., De Raedt, R., Beisel, S., ... & Becker, E. S. (2021). A cognitive control training as add-on treatment to usual care for depressed inpatients. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 1-15.
30
Finkelstein, S., & Haleblian, J. (2002). Understanding acquisition performance: The role of transfer effects. Organization Science, 13(1), 36-47.
31
First, M. B. (2014). Structured clinical interview for the DSM (SCID). The encyclopedia of clinical psychology, 1-6.
32
Foa, E. B., Huppert, J. D., & Cahill, S. P. (2006). Emotional Processing Theory: An Update.
33
Fonzo, G. A., & Etkin, A. (2017). Affective neuroimaging in generalized anxiety disorder: an integrated review. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 19(2), 169.
34
Friedman, N. P., & Miyake, A. (2004). The relations among inhibition and interference control functions: a latent-variable analysis. Journal of experimental psychology: General, 133(1), 101.
35
Freund, M. C., Etzel, J. A., & Braver, T. S. (2021). Neural coding of cognitive control: The representational similarity analysis approach. Trends in Cognitive Sciences.
36
Goodwin, H., Yiend, J., & Hirsch, C. R. (2017). Generalized Anxiety Disorder, worry and attention to threat: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 54, 107-122.
37
Grahek, I., Everaert, J., Krebs, R. M., & Koster, E. H. (2018). Cognitive control in depression: Toward clinical models informed by cognitive neuroscience. Clinical Psychological Science, 6(4), 464-480.
38
Grahek, I., Shenhav, A., Musslick, S., Krebs, R. M., & Koster, E. H. (2019). Motivation and cognitive control in depression. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 102, 371-381.
39
Grol, M., Schwenzfeier, A. K., Stricker, J., Booth, C., Temple-McCune, A., Derakshan, N., ... & Fox, E. (2018). The worrying mind in control: An investigation of adaptive working memory training and cognitive bias modification in worry-prone individuals. Behaviour research and therapy, 103, 1-11.
40
Hallion, L. S., & Ruscio, A. M. (2013). Should uncontrollable worry be removed from the definition of GAD? A test of incremental validity. Journal of abnormal psychology, 122(2), 369.
41
Hallion, L. S., Ruscio, A. M., & Jha, A. P. (2014). Fractionating the role of executive control in control over worry: A preliminary investigation. Behaviour research and therapy, 54, 1-6.
42
Hallion, L. S., Tolin, D. F., Assaf, M., Goethe, J., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2017). Cognitive control in generalized anxiety disorder: relation of inhibition impairments to worry and anxiety severity. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 41(4), 610-618.
43
Han, K., Chapman, S. B., & Krawczyk, D. C. (2018). Neuroplasticity of cognitive control networks following cognitive training for chronic traumatic brain injury. NeuroImage: Clinical, 18, 262-278.
44
Hanrahan, F., Field, A. P., Jones, F. W., & Davey, G. C. (2013). A meta-analysis of cognitive therapy for worry in generalized anxiety disorder. Clinical psychology review, 33(1), 120-132.
45
Hare, T. A., & Casey, B. (2005). The neurobiology and development of cognitive and affective control. Cogn Brain Behav, 9(3), 273-286.
46
Hayes, S., Hirsch, C., & Mathews, A. (2008). Restriction of working memory capacity during worry. Journal of abnormal psychology, 117(3), 712.
47
Hirsch, C. R., & Mathews, A. (2012). A cognitive model of pathological worry. Behaviour research and therapy, 50(10), 636-646.
48
Hirsch, C. R., Mathews, A., Lequertier, B., Perman, G., & Hayes, S. (2013). Characteristics of worry in generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 44(4), 388-395.
49
Hoorelbeke, K., Koster, E. H., Demeyer, I., Loeys, T., & Vanderhasselt, M.-A. (2016). Effects of cognitive control training on the dynamics of (mal) adaptive emotion regulation in daily life. Emotion, 16(7), 945.
50
Hoorelbeke, K., Koster, E. H., Vanderhasselt, M. A., Callewaert, S., & Demeyer, I. (2015). The influence of cognitive control training on stress reactivity and rumination in response to a lab stressor and naturalistic stress. Behaviour research and therapy, 69, 1-10.
51
Huppert, J. D., Fradkin, I., & Cahill, S. P. (2019). CBT for Anxiety Disorders: Memory Reconsolidation Theory and Its Relationship to Cognitive, Emotional Processing, and Inhibitory Models. In Neuroscience of Enduring Change (pp. 245-272). Oxford University Press.
52
Hung, Y., Gaillard, S. L., Yarmak, P., & Arsalidou, M. (2018). Dissociations of cognitive inhibition, response inhibition, and emotional interference: Voxelwise ALE meta‐analyses of fMRI studies. Human brain mapping, 39(10), 4065-4082.
53
Hussey, E. K., Harbison, J., Teubner-Rhodes, S. E., Mishler, A., Velnoskey, K., & Novick, J. M. (2017). Memory and language improvements following cognitive control training. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 43(1), 23.
54
Iacoviello, B., & Charney, D. (2015). Developing cognitive-emotional training exercises as interventions for mood and anxiety disorders. European Psychiatry, 30(1), 75-81.
55
Kim, H., Chey, J., & Lee, S. (2017). Effects of multicomponent training of cognitive control on cognitive function and brain activation in older adults. Neuroscience research, 124, 8-15.
56
Kohls, G., Peltzer, J., Herpertz‐Dahlmann, B., & Konrad, K. (2009). Differential effects of social and non‐social reward on response inhibition in children and adolescents. Developmental science, 12(4), 614-625.
57
Koster, E. H., Hoorelbeke, K., Onraedt, T., Owens, M., & Derakshan, N. (2017). Cognitive control interventions for depression: A systematic review of findings from training studies. Clinical Psychology Review, 53, 79-92.
58
König, N., Steber, S., Borowski, A., Bliem, H. R., & Rossi, S. (2021). Neural Processing of Cognitive Control in an Emotionally Neutral Context in Anxiety Patients. Brain Sciences, 11(5), 543.
59
Lang, P. J. (1977). Imagery in therapy: An information processing analysis of fear. Behavior therapy, 8(5), 862-886.
60
Lee, D., Kwak, S., & Chey, J. (2019). Parallel changes in cognitive function and gray matter volume after multi-component training of cognitive control (MTCC) in adolescents. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 13, 246.
61
Lee, H., Dvorak, D., Kao, H.-Y., Duffy, Á. M., Scharfman, H. E., & Fenton, A. A. (2012). Early cognitive experience prevents adult deficits in a neurodevelopmental schizophrenia model. Neuron, 75(4), 714-724.
62
Leotti, L. A., & Wager, T. D. (2010). Motivational influences on response inhibition measures. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 36(2), 430.
63
Liddle, E. B., Scerif, G., Hollis, C. P., Batty, M. J., Groom, M. J., Liotti, M., & Liddle, P. F. (2009). Looking before you leap: A theory of motivated control of action. Cognition, 112(1), 141-158.
64
Littman, M. L. (2015). Reinforcement learning improves behaviour from evaluative feedback. Nature, 521(7553), 445-451.
65
Lonigan, C. J., & Vasey, M. W. (2009). Negative affectivity, effortful control, and attention to threat-relevant stimuli. Journal of abnormal child psychology, 37(3), 387-399.
66
Löwe, B., Decker, O., Müller, S., Brähler, E., Schellberg, D., Herzog, W., & Herzberg, P. Y. (2008). Validation and standardization of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7) in the general population. Medical care, 266-274.
67
Mathews, A. (1990). Why worry? The cognitive function of anxiety. Behaviour research and therapy, 28(6), 455-468.
68
McKenna, F. P., & Sharma, D. (1995). Intrusive cognitions: an investigation of the emotional Stroop task. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21(6), 1595.
69
McNally, R. J. (1995). Automaticity and the anxiety disorders. Behaviour research and therapy, 33(7), 747-754.
70
Meyer, T. J., Miller, M. L., Metzger, R. L., & Borkovec, T. D. (1990). Development and validation of the penn state worry questionnaire. Behaviour research and therapy, 28(6), 487-495.
71
Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Emerson, M. J., Witzki, A. H., Howerter, A., & Wager, T. D. (2000). The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex “frontal lobe” tasks: A latent variable analysis. Cognitive psychology, 41(1), 49-100.
72
Mnih, V., Kavukcuoglu, K., Silver, D., Rusu, A. A., Veness, J., Bellemare, M. G., . . . Ostrovski, G. (2015). Human-level control through deep reinforcement learning. Nature, 518(7540), 529-533.
73
Nainian, M. R., Shoeiri, M. R., Sharifi, M., & Hadian, M. (2011). investigating validity and reliability of GAD-7. CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY & PERSONALITY, 4.
74
Nee, D. E., Wager, T. D., & Jonides, J. (2007). Interference resolution: insights from a meta-analysis of neuroimaging tasks. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 7(1), 1-17.
75
Nigg, J. T. (2000). On inhibition/disinhibition in developmental psychopathology: views from cognitive and personality psychology and a working inhibition taxonomy. Psychological bulletin, 126(2), 220.
76
Oliveira, J. S., Manning, M. C., & Kavanaugh, B. C. (2021). Cognitive Control Deficits in Depression: A Novel Target to Improve Suboptimal Outcomes in Childhood. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, appi-neuropsych.
77
Pascual-Leone, A., Amedi, A., Fregni, F., & Merabet, L. B. (2005). The plastic human brain cortex. Annu. Rev. Neurosci., 28, 377-401.
78
Peckham, A. D., & Johnson, S. L. (2018). Cognitive control training for emotion-related impulsivity. Behaviour research and therapy, 105, 17-26.
79
Peers, P. V., & Lawrence, A. D. (2009). Attentional control of emotional distraction in rapid serial visual presentation. Emotion, 9(1), 140.
80
Price, R. B., & Duman, R. (2020). Neuroplasticity in cognitive and psychological mechanisms of depression: an integrative model. Molecular psychiatry, 25(3), 530-543.
81
Rajabi, G., & Karju Kasmai, S. (2013). Psychometric properties of a Persian language version of the beck depression inventory second edition. Educational Measurment 10.
82
Riccio, C. A., Reynolds, C. R., & Lowe, P. A. (2001). Clinical applications of continuous performance tests: Measuring attention and impulsive responding in children and adults: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
83
Roberts, H., Mostazir, M., Moberly, N. J., Watkins, E. R., & Adlam, A. L. (2021). Working memory updating training reduces state repetitive negative thinking: Proof-of-concept for a novel cognitive control training. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 142, 103871.
84
Sandroff, B. M., Jones, C. D., Baird, J. F., & Motl, R. W. (2020). Systematic review on exercise training as a neuroplasticity-inducing behavior in multiple sclerosis. Neurorehabilitation and neural repair, 34(7), 575-588.
85
Schweiger, A., Abramovitch, A., Doniger, G. M., & Simon, E. S. (2007). A clinical construct validity study of a novel computerized battery for the diagnosis of ADHD in young adults. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 29(1), 100-111.
86
Segerstrom, S. C., Tsao, J. C., Alden, L. E., & Craske, M. G. (2000). Worry and rumination: Repetitive thought as a concomitant and predictor of negative mood. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 24(6), 671-688.
87
Scherer, R., Siddiq, F., & Sánchez Viveros, B. (2019). The cognitive benefits of learning computer programming: A meta-analysis of transfer effects. Journal of Educational Psychology, 111(5), 764.
88
Siegle, G. J., Ghinassi, F., & Thase, M. E. (2007). Neurobehavioral therapies in the 21st century: Summary of an emerging field and an extended example of cognitive control training for depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 31(2), 235-262.
89
Sokolowski, H. M., & Necka, E. A. (2016). Remediating math anxiety through cognitive training: potential roles for math ability and social context. Journal of Neuroscience, 36(5), 1439-1441.
90
Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B., & Löwe, B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Archives of internal medicine, 166(10), 1092-1097.
91
Steenkamp, M. M., Litz, B. T., Gray, M. J., Lebowitz, L., Nash, W., Conoscenti, L., ... & Lang, A. (2011). A brief exposure-based intervention for service members with PTSD. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 18(1), 98-107.
92
Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of experimental psychology, 18(6), 643.
93
Swainston, J., & Derakshan, N. (2018). Training cognitive control to reduce emotional vulnerability in breast cancer. Psycho‐oncology, 27(7), 1780-1786.
94
Tallis, F., Eysenck, M., & Mathews, A. (1992). A questionnaire for the measurement of nonpathological worry. Personality and Individual Differences, 13(2), 161-168.
95
Taatgen, N. A. (2021). Theoretical models of training and transfer effects. In Cognitive training (pp. 41-54). Springer, Cham.
96
Teasdale, J. D., Segal, Z., & Williams, J. M. G. (1995). How does cognitive therapy prevent depressive relapse and why should attentional control (mindfulness) training help? Behaviour research and therapy, 33(1), 25-39.
97
Thorell, L. B., Lindqvist, S., Bergman Nutley, S., Bohlin, G., & Klingberg, T. (2009). Training and transfer effects of executive functions in preschool children. Developmental science, 12(1), 106-113.
98
Toh, G. Y. (2019). The Role of Verbal Worry in Cognitive Control and Anxious Arousal in Worry and Generalized Anxiety: A Replication and an Extension. The Ohio State University.
99
Van den Bergh, N., Hoorelbeke, K., De Raedt, R., & Koster, E. H. (2018). Remediation of depression-related cognitive impairment: cognitive control training as treatment augmentation. Expert review of neurotherapeutics, 18(12), 907-913.
100
Van den Bergh, N., Vermeersch, S., Hoorelbeke, K., Vervaeke, J., De Raedt, R., & Koster, E. H. (2020). Cognitive control training as an augmentation strategy to CBT in the treatment of fear of failure in undergraduates. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 44(6), 1199-1212.
101
Vervaeke, J., Hoorelbeke, K., Baeken, C., & Koster, E. H. (2021). Online cognitive control training for remitted depressed individuals: A replication and extension study. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 1-15.
102
Vinogradov, S., Fisher, M., & de Villers-Sidani, E. (2012). Cognitive training for impaired neural systems in neuropsychiatric illness. Neuropsychopharmacology, 37(1), 43-76.
103
WANG, Y., LI, K., GAI, X., & CAO, Y. (2020). Training and transfer effects of response inhibition training with online feedback on adolescents and adults’ executive function. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 52(10), 1212-1223.
104
Williams, J. M. G., Mathews, A., & MacLeod, C. (1996). The emotional Stroop task and psychopathology. Psychological bulletin, 120(1), 3.
105
Williams, M. O., Mathews, A., & Hirsch, C. R. (2014). Verbal worry facilitates attention to threat in high-worriers. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 45(1), 8-14.
106
Zainal, N. H., & Newman, M. G. (2020). Within-person increase in pathological worry predicts future depletion of unique executive functioning domains. Psychological medicine, 1-11.
107
Zysberg, L., & Zisberg, A. (2020). Days of worry: Emotional intelligence and social support mediate worry in the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Health Psychology, 1359105320949935.
108
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Structural Model of Appearance Management based on Body Image Dissatisfaction, External Shame, and Self-compassion
This study aimed to presenting the structural model of appearance management based on self-compassion with the mediating roles of external shame and body image dissatisfaction. The method of the present study was correlation analysis based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population consisted of female students residing in the dormitory of Bu-Ali Sina University in Hamedan. Among them, 400 individuals were selected randomly. They filled out Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), Others As Shamer Scale (OAS), Body Image Concern Inventory (BICI), and Body Management Scale (BMS). Since 23 individuals did not fill out the questionnaires,377 questionnaires were examined through structural equation analysis. The results of structural equations indicated that all of direct and indirect relationships were significant; thus, all variables had pairwise relationships. On the other hand, external shame had a significant mediating role in the relationship between self-compassion and appearance management (z= -3.32, p< 0.01). In other words, self-compassion, due to the mediation of external shame, can predict appearance management. In addition, body image dissatisfaction had a significant mediating role in the relationship between self-compassion and appearance management (z= -4.03, p< 0.01). Hence, self-compassion, due to the mediation of body image dissatisfaction, could predict appearance management. Following the results, it can be concluded that self-compassion, with the mediating roles of external shame and body image dissatisfaction, can predict appearance management. These variables can be considered to modify body management.
https://jcps.atu.ac.ir/article_12984_402f08df8914676e64cc3eb6a4b6e219.pdf
2020-12-21
141
159
10.22054/jcps.2021.59503.2535
Appearance Management
Body Image Dissatisfaction
External Shame
Self-Compassion
mohamadreza
zoghi paidar
zoghipaidar@yahoo.com
1
department of psychology, faculty of economic and social sciences, Bu-ali sina university, Hamedan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Fatemeh
Darvehei
fatemeh.darvehi@gmail.com
2
Bu-Ali Sina University, Faculty of Economics & Social Science, Department of Psychology, Hamadan, Iran
AUTHOR
Razie
Hajimoradi
r.hajimoradi92@gmail.com
3
Ph.D student in Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
AUTHOR
Albertson, E. R., Neff, K. D., & Dill-Shackleford, K. E. (2015). Selfcompassion and body dissatisfaction in women: A randomized
1
controlled trial of a brief meditation intervention. Mindfulness, 6(3),
2
Balcetis, E., Cole, S., Chelberg, M. B., & Alicke, M. (2013). Searching out
3
the ideal: Awareness of ideal body standards predicts lower global selfesteem in women. Self and Identity, 12(1), 99-113.
4
Baumeister, R. F., Campbell, J. D., Krueger, J. I., & Vohs, K. D. (2003).
5
Does high self-esteem cause better performance, interpersonal success,
6
happiness, or healthier lifestyles? Psychological Science in the Public
7
Interest, 4(1), 1-44.
8
Berry, K. A., Kowalski, K. C., Ferguson, L. J., & McHugh, T. L. F. (2010).
9
An empirical phenomenology of young adult women exercisers' body
10
155 The Structural Model of Appearance Management based ….
11
self‐compassion. Qualitative Research in Sport and Exercise, 2(3), 293-
12
Brady, J. (2016). Body image experiences among Asian American women: A
13
qualitative intersectionality framework ,Doctoral dissertation,
14
University of Maryland, College Park.
15
Braun, T. D., Park, C. L., & Gorin, A. (2016). Self-compassion, body image,
16
and disordered eating: A review of the literature. Body image, 17, 117-
17
Cash, T. F. (2012). Encyclopedia of body image and human appearance.
18
Academic Press.
19
Cash, T. F., & Fleming, E. C. (2002). The impact of body image
20
experiences: development of the body image quality of life
21
inventory. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 31(4), 455-460.
22
Cash, T. F., & Pruzinsky, T. (Eds.). (2004). Body image: A handbook of
23
theory, research, and clinical practice. Guilford Press
24
Cash, T. F., & Szymanski, M. L. (1995). The development and validation of
25
the Body-Image Ideals Questionnaire. Journal of Personality
26
Assessment, 64(3), 466-477.
27
Coleman, K. (2016). Comparing ourselves to others: How body image
28
distortion and dissatisfaction affects body size estimates among female
29
college students, Doctoral dissertation, Marywood University.
30
Crocker, J., & Park, L. E. (2004). The costly pursuit of selfesteem. Psychological Bulletin, 130(3), 392-414.
31
Czub, T. (2013). Shame as a self-conscious emotion and its role in identity
32
formation. Polish Psychological Bulletin, 44(3), 245-253.
33
De Lourdes, M., Cerqueira, L., Pinto-Bastos, A., Marôco, J., Palmeira, L.,
34
Brandão, I., ... & Conceição, E. (2021). Understanding Uncontrolled
35
Eating after Bariatric Surgery: The Role of Excessive Skin and Body
36
Image Shame. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(13), 2967.
37
Ferreira, C., Pinto-Gouveia, J., & Duarte, C. (2013). Self-compassion in the
38
face of shame and body image dissatisfaction: Implications for eating
39
disorders. Eating Behaviors, 14(2), 207-210.
40
Foroughi, A., Khanjani, S., Kazemini, M., & Tari, F. (1394). Factor
41
structure and psychometric properties of the Iranian version of the external
42
shame scale. Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry, 2, 49-57.
43
Gardner, R. M., & Brown, D. L. (2010). Comparison of video distortion
44
and figural drawing scale for measuring and predicting body image
45
dissatisfaction and distortion. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(7),
46
Gee, A., & Troop, N. A. (2003). Shame, depressive symptoms and
47
eating, weight and shape concerns in a non-clinical sample. Eating and
48
Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 8(1), 72-75.
49
Quarterly of Clinical Psychology Studies, Vol. 11, No. 41, Winter 2021 156
50
Gilbert, P. (2007). The evolution of shame as marker for relationship
51
security. In J. Tracy, R. Robins, J. Tangney (red.). The self-conscious
52
emotions. Theory and Research, 283-309.
53
Gilbert, P. (2009). Introducing compassion-focused therapy. Advances in
54
Psychiatric Treatment, 15(3), 199-208.
55
Gilbert, P. (2003). Evolution, social roles, and the differences in shame
56
and guilt. Social Research: An International Quarterly, 70(4), 1205-1230.
57
Gilbert, P., & Irons, C. (2009). Shame, self-criticism, and selfcompassion in adolescence. Adolescent Emotional Development and the
58
Emergence of Depressive Disorders, 1, 195-214.
59
Gilbert, P., & Procter, S. (2006). Compassionate mind training for people
60
with high shame and self‐criticism: Overview and pilot study of a group
61
therapy approach. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 13(6), 353-379.
62
Goss, K., & Allan, S. (2009). Shame, pride and eating disorders. Clinical
63
Psychology and Psychotherapy: An International Journal of Theory and
64
Practice, 16(4), 303-316.
65
Goss, K., Gilbert, P., & Allan, S. (1994). An exploration of shame
66
measures—I: The other as Shamer scale. Personality and Individual
67
Differences, 17(5), 713-717.
68
Grogan, S. (2010). Promoting positive body image in males and females:
69
Contemporary issues and future directions. Sex Roles, 63(9), 757-765.
70
Gioia, F., Griffiths, M. D., & Boursier, V. (2020). Adolescents’ body
71
shame and social networking sites: The mediating effect of body image
72
control in photos. Sex Roles, 83(11), 773-785.
73
Heidarkhani, A., Hajia A., L., & Rahmani, G. (2013). The relationship
74
between the dimensions of cultural capital and women's appearance
75
management. Journal of Women and Culture, 18, 55-69.
76
Huang, J. S., Norman, G. J., Zabinski, M. F., Calfas, K., & Patrick, K.
77
(2007). Body image and self-esteem among adolescents undergoing an
78
intervention targeting dietary and physical activity behaviors. Journal of
79
Adolescent Health, 40(3), 245-251.
80
Kelly, A. C., & Stephen, E. (2016). A daily diary study of selfcompassion, body image, and eating behavior in female college
81
students. Body Image, 17, 152-160.
82
Kelly, A. C., Zuroff, D. C., & Shapira, L. B. (2009). Soothing oneself
83
and resisting self-attacks: The treatment of two intrapersonal deficits in
84
depression vulnerability. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 33(3), 301.
85
Kim, S., Thibodeau, R., & Jorgensen, R. S. (2011). Shame, guilt, and
86
depressive symptoms: a meta-analytic review. Psychological
87
Bulletin, 137(1), 68.
88
Khajeh Nouri, B., Rouhani, A., & Hashemi, S. (2011). Lifestyle and
89
management. Journal of Women's Sociology, 2(4), 21-48
90
157 The Structural Model of Appearance Management based ….
91
Khajeh Nouri, Bijan; Moghaddas, Ali Asghar (2009). The relationship
92
between body imagination and the globalization process: A case study of
93
women in Tehran, Shiraz, Estahban. Applied Sociology, 20, (1), 1-24
94
Keyvanara, R. J. (2010). Social stratification and body correction:
95
Cosmetic surgery as a symbol of social base. Quarterly Journal of the
96
Women's Socio-Cultural Council, 12(47), 73-98
97
Leary, M. R., Tate, E. B., Adams, C. E., Batts Allen, A., & Hancock, J.
98
(2007). Self-compassion and reactions to unpleasant self-relevant events:
99
The implications of treating oneself kindly. Journal of Personality and
100
Social Psychology, 92(5), 887.
101
Lewis, M. (2003). The role of the self in shame. Social Research: An
102
International Quarterly, 70(4), 1181-1204.
103
Littleton, H. L., Axsom, D., & Pury, C. L. (2005). Development of the
104
body image concern inventory. Behaviour Research and therapy, 43(2), 229-
105
MacBeth, A., & Gumley, A. (2012). Exploring compassion: A meta-analysis
106
of the association between self-compassion and
107
psychopathology. Clinical Psychology Review, 32(6), 545-552.
108
Marta-Simões, J., Ferreira, C., & Mendes, A. L. (2016). Exploring the effect
109
of external shame on body appreciation among Portuguese young
110
adults: The role of self-compassion
111
Mansourinik A, Davoudi I, Neisi A, Mehrabizadeh Honarmand M,
112
Tamannaeifar M R. (2019). The relationship between body discrepancy
113
and body image maladaptive coping strategies in female students: The
114
mediating role of self-compassion and body shame. Jourrnal of
115
Research in Psychological Health; 12 (4) :1-15
116
Matos, M., Pinto-Gouveia, J., Gilbert, P., Duarte, C., & Figueiredo, C.
117
(2015). The other as shamer scale: Development and validation of a
118
short version of a measure of external shame. Personality and
119
Individual Differences, 74, 6-11.
120
Melo, D., Oliveira, S., & Ferreira, C. (2019). The link between external and
121
internal shame and binge eating: the mediating role of body imagerelated shame and cognitive fusion. Eating and Weight DisordersStudies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 1-8.
122
Mohammadi, N., Sajjadinejad, M. A. (2007). Assessment of Psychometric
123
Indicators Questionnaire Concerns about body image and test of body
124
mass index communication model, body image dissatisfaction and selfesteem in adolescent girls. Psychological Studies, 3(1), 60-75
125
Modarressi, K. (2013). Explaining the sociological relationship between life
126
style and body management among women in Sanandaj. Master Thesis.
127
Kurdistan University, Faculty of Literature and Humanities.
128
Quarterly of Clinical Psychology Studies, Vol. 11, No. 41, Winter 2021 158
129
Neff, K. (2003a). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a
130
healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2(2), 85-101.
131
Neff, K. D. (2003b). The development and validation of a scale to measure
132
self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2(3), 223-250.
133
Neff, K. D. (2011). Self‐compassion, self‐esteem, and well‐being. Social and
134
Personality Psychology Compass, 5(1), 1-12.
135
Neff, K. D., & Costigan, A. P. (2014). Self-compassion, wellbeing, and
136
happiness. Psychologie in Österreich, 2(3), 114-119.
137
Neff, K. D., & Vonk, R. (2009). Self‐compassion versus global self‐esteem:
138
Two different ways of relating to oneself. Journal of Personality, 77(1),
139
Paap, C. E., & Gardner, R. M. (2011). Body image disturbance and
140
relationship satisfaction among college students. Personality and
141
Individual Differences, 51(6), 715-719.
142
Paxton, S. J., Neumark-Sztainer, D., Hannan, P. J., & Eisenberg, M. E.
143
(2006). Body dissatisfaction prospectively predicts depressive mood
144
and low self-esteem in adolescent girls and boys. Journal of Clinical
145
Child and Adolescent Psychology, 35(4), 539-549.
146
Pinto‐Gouveia, J., Ferreira, C., & Duarte, C. (2014). Thinness in the pursuit
147
for social safeness: An integrative model of social rank mentality to
148
explain eating psychopathology. Clinical Psychology and
149
Psychotherapy, 21(2), 154-165.
150
Puhl, R. M., & Brownell, K. D. (2003). Psychosocial origins of obesity
151
stigma: Toward changing a powerful and pervasive bias. Obesity
152
Reviews, 4(4), 213-227.
153
Raes, F., Pommier, E., Neff, K. D., & Van Gucht, D. (2011). Construction
154
and factorial validation of a short form of the self‐compassion
155
scale. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 18(3), 250-255.
156
Shahbazi, M., Rajabi, G., Maqami, I., & Jalodari, A. (2015). The structure of
157
the confirmatory factor of the Persian version of the scale of selfregulated self-compassion in a group of prisoners. Psychological
158
Methods and Models, 6(19), 31-46
159
Sedighimornani, N., Rimes, K. A., & Verplanken, B. (2019). Exploring the
160
relationships between mindfulness, self-compassion, and shame. Sage
161
Open, 9(3), 1-9.
162
Skrzypek, S., Wehmeier, P. M., & Remschmidt, H. (2001). Body image
163
assessment using body size estimation in recent studies on anorexia
164
nervosa. A brief review. European Child and Adolescent
165
Psychiatry, 10(4), 215-221.
166
Pullmer, R., Coelho, J. S., & Zaitsoff, S. L. (2019). Kindness begins with
167
yourself: The role of self‐compassion in adolescent body satisfaction
168
159 The Structural Model of Appearance Management based ….
169
and eating pathology. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 52(7),
170
Stapleton, P. B., & Nikalje, A. (2013). Constructing body image in
171
university women: The relationship between self-esteem, selfcompassion, and intuitive eating. International Journal of Healing and
172
Caring, 13(2), 1-20.
173
Schmidt, C. K., Raque‐Bogdan, T. L., & Hollern, E. A. (2019).
174
Self‐compassion, affect, and body image in College women. Journal of
175
College Counseling, 22(2), 152-163.
176
Strahan, E. J., Wilson, A. E., Cressman, K. E., & Buote, V. M. (2006).
177
Comparing to perfection: How cultural norms for appearance affect
178
social comparisons and self-image. Body Image, 3(3), 211-227.
179
Tavassoli, A., Alamati, G., Habibi, E., & Ahmadi, A. M. (2013).
180
Investigating the effect of individual and psychological differences of
181
women on appearance management. Women and Family CulturalEducational Quarterly, 7(23), 107-131
182
Tangney J. & Dearing R. (2002). Shame and guilt. Guilford Press.
183
Tiggemann, M. (2005). Body dissatisfaction and adolescent self-esteem:
184
Prospective findings. Body Image, 2(2), 129-135.
185
Tracy, J. L., & Robins, R. W. (2004). Putting the self into self-conscious
186
emotions: A theoretical model. Psychological Inquiry, 15(2), 103-125.
187
Wasylkiw, L., MacKinnon, A. L., & MacLellan, A. M. (2012). Exploring the
188
link between self-compassion and body image in university
189
women. Body Image, 9(2), 236-245.
190
Whelton, W. J., & Greenberg, L. S. (2005). Emotion in selfcriticism. Personality and Individual Differences, 38(7), 1583-1595.
191
Worrell, A., & Trevino, C. (2007). Assessment of body image, appearance
192
management, and psychosocial functioning among Hispanic collegiate
193
females. Retrieved August, 28, 2007.
194
Wu, Y. (2016). A cross-cultural study of ready-to-wear clothing in relation
195
to women's body image, appearance management strategies, and
196
experience of 3D technology. Doctoral thesis, Cornell University
197