Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 M.A of Shahed university

2 Assistant of Professor Shahed university

3 Associate of Professor Shahed university

4 Associate of Professor Tehran university

Abstract

This study investigates the effect of CBT based on Coping Cat on reduced anxiety symptoms in the Iranian children within the age range of 8 to 10 suffering from anxiety. It was conducted based on a quasi-experimental design with pretest and posttest and control group. 20 children within the preceding age range suffering from generalized anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, and social anxiety were selected using the goal-directed convenience sampling method after they underwent clinical interviews arranged by the child and adolescent psychiatrist, assessment with a semi-structured diagnostic interview of mood disorders and schizophrenia for children and adolescents (K-SADS) and placement at the clinical level according to the DSM-based anxiety scale and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and placed into two groups of 10 (treatment and waiting list groups). Intervention therapy based on Coping Cat individual cognitive-behavior program was provided to the members of the treatment group for 16 sessions. The research data were gathered by means of DSM-based anxiety scale and CBCL and Spence Scale (Parent and Child version), and further analyzed using Mann-Whitney test, Friedman test, and significant clinical changes. The results suggest that Coping-cat-based CBT significantly reduces anxiety symptoms of the treatment group members vis-à-vis the waiting group both statistically (p<0.001, Z=3.335) and clinically, which continued in one-and-a-half and three-month follow-ups. Confirming the results of previous studies, the research findings indicate that Coping-cat CBT affects reduced anxiety symptoms in the Iranian children falling within the age range of 8 to 10 and that such an impact persists during follow-ups. Therefore, its basic application in psychological therapy centers could be feasible.

Keywords

اصغری مقدم، محمدعلی. (1388). معناداری آماری، معناداری بالینی: تعامل یا تباین. بازتاب دانش، دوره چهارم، 13، 24-15.
بساک­نژاد، سودابه، نیازی، زهرا و داوودی، ایران. (1389). اثربخشی گروه درمانی شناختی-رفتاری به روش کندال بر اضطراب دختران نوجوان. تحقیقات علوم رفتاری، 9 (4)، 249-241.
مینایی، اصغر. (1385). انطباق و هنجاریابی سیاهه رفتاری کودک آخنباخ، پرسشنامه خودسنجی و فرم گزارش معلم. پژوهش در حیطه کودکان استثنایی، 19 (1)، 558-529.
یزدخواستی، فریبا و عریضی، حمیدرضا (1390). هنجاریابی سه نسخه کودک، پدر/ مادر و معلم سیاهه رفتار کودک در شهر اصفهان. مجله روانپزشکی و روانشناسی بالینی ایران، 17 (1)، 70-60.
American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Text Revision). Washington, DC: Author.
Barrett, P. M. (2000).Treatment Of Childhood Anxiety: Developmental Aspects. Clinical Psychology Review, 20 (4): 479–494.
Barrett, P. M., Dadds, M. R., & Rapee, R. M. (1996). Family treatment of childhood anxiety: A controlled trial. Journal of Consulting andClinical Psychology, 64: 333–342.
Edmunds, J. M., O Neil, K. A., & Kendall, P. C. (2011). A review of cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: Current status and future directions. Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening, 48: 26–33.
Ginsburg, G. S., & Newman, K. J. (2007). Evidence-based Practice for Childhood Anxiety Disorders. Journal Contemporary Psychotherapy, 37: 123–132.
Ghanizadeh, A., Mohammadi, M. R., & Yazdanshenas, A. (2006). Psychometric properties of the Farsi translation of the kiddie schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia present and lifetime version. BMC Psychiatry.
Graham, P. J. (2005). Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Children and Families, Second Edition. New York: Cambridge University Press.
James, A., Soler, A., & Weatherall, R. (2007). Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Cochrane Library, Issue 3.
Kendall, P. C., Compton, S. N., Walkup, J. T., Birmaher, B., Albano, A. M., Sherrill, J., Ginsburg, G., Rynn, M., McCracken, J., Gosch, E., Keeton, C., Bergman, L., Sakolsky, D., Suveg, C., Iyengar, S., March, J., & Piacentini, J. (2010). Clinical characteristics of anxiety disordered youth. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24: 360–365.
Kendall, P. C., Flannery-Schroeder, E., Panichelli- Mindel, S M., Southam-Gerow, M., Henin, A., & Warman, M. (1997). Therapy for youths with anxiety disorders: A second randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65: 366–380.
Kendall, P. C., Gosch, E., Furr, J., & Sood, E. (2008). Flexibility within fidelity. Journal of theAmerican Academy of Child and AdolescentPsychiatry, 47:  987–993.
Klykylo, W. M., Kay, J. L. (2005). Clinical Child Psychiatry, Second Edition, London: British Library.
Laua, W., Kwok-ying, C. A. C., Ching-hong Li b, J., & Kitfong, T. (2010). Effectiveness of group cognitive-behavioral treatment for childhood anxiety in community clinics. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48: 1067-1077.
Martin, A., & Volkmar, F. R. (2007). Lewis's Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: A Comprehensive Textbook. Fourth Edition. New York: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Mor, N., & Meijers, J. (2009). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Childhood Anxiety. Journal Psychiatry Relate Science, 46 (4):  282–289.           
Mousavi, R., Moradi, A., Farzad, V. M. S., Spence. S., & Navabinejad, S. (2007). Psychometric Properties of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale with an Iranian Sample. International journal of psychology, 1: 17-26.
Nauta, M. H., Scholing, A., Emmelkamp, P. M. G., & Minderaa, R. B. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for children with anxiety disorders in a clinical setting: No additional effect of a cognitive parent training. Journal of the AmericanAcademy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 42: 1270–1278.
Podell, J. L., Mychailyszyn, M., Edmunds, J., Connor, M., & Kendall, P. C. (2010). The Coping Cat Program for Anxious Youth: The FEAR Plan Comes to Life. Journal of Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 17: 132–140.
Sadock, B. J., & Sadock, V. A. (2007). Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences/Clinical Psychiatry, 10th Edition. New York: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Shahrivar, Z., Kousha, M., Moallemi, S., Tehrani-Doost, M., & Alaghband-Rad, J. (2008). The Reliability and Validity of Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia – Present and Life-time Version– Persian Version. Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health Volume, 15 (2): 97-102.
Spence, S. H., Barrett, P. M., & Turner, C. (2003). Psychometric properties of the Spence Children Anxiety Scale with young adolescents. Journal of anxiety disorders, 17: 605-625.
Tolin, D. F. (2010). Is cognitive– behavioral therapy more effective than other therapies? A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30: 710-720.
Tehrani-Doost, M., Shahrivar, Z., Pakbaz, B., Rezaie, A., & Ahmadi, F. (2011). Normative Date and Psychometric Properties of the Child Behavior Checklist and Teacher Rating Form in an Iranian Community Sample. Iranian Journal of Pediatric, 21 (3): 331-342.
Teubert, D., & Pinquart, M. (2011). A meta-analytic review on the prevention of symptoms of anxiety in children and adolescents. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25: 1046–1059.
Walkup, J., Albano, A. M., Piacentini, J., Birmaher, B., Compton, S., Sherrill, J., & Kendall, P. C. (2008). Cognitive behavioral therapy, sertraline,or a combination in childhood anxiety. New England Journal of Medicine, 359: 2753–2766.