Ebrahim Naeimi; Zeinab Kazemi; Kobra Dehghan
Abstract
Aging is a critical period in human life. Considering the specific needs of this period, it is highly important to pay attention to The Religious Orientation and its influencing factors in the elderly. Given the importance of this issue in maintaining and improving people’s health, the present ...
Read More
Aging is a critical period in human life. Considering the specific needs of this period, it is highly important to pay attention to The Religious Orientation and its influencing factors in the elderly. Given the importance of this issue in maintaining and improving people’s health, the present study aims to investigate the relationship between Religious Orientation and irrational beliefs in the elderly. The statistical population included all the elders of Kahrizak sanitarium in 2014, among women and men individuals were selected using simple random sampling. Then the selected samples individually answered the Religious Orientation and irrational beliefs questionnaires. The results showed that the exogenous variables Irrational Beliefs Religious orientation, variable helplessness in the face of change (26 / 0- = r; 05 / 0p <) and irresponsibility emotional variables (33 / 0- = r; 05 / 0p <) relation there was a significant positive. Results of regression analysis showed that the extrinsic religious orientation 62/0 explain irrational beliefs. The variable Irrational Beliefs, Internal religious orientation, helpless in the face of changing variables (68 / 0- = r; 00 / 0p <), variable demand for approval of others (40 / 0- = r; 00 / 0p <), identical avoid the problem (56 / 0- = r; 00 / 0p <) variable emotional irresponsibility (57 / 0- = r; 00 / 0p <) have a significant negative correlation. The results of regression analysis showed that intrinsic religious orientation 42/0 explain irrational beliefs. It can be said that irrational beliefs are one of the factors affecting the elderly’s Religious Orientation.
Alirezā Mahmūdniā; Hasan Rastegārpūr; Farhād Jokār
Volume 2, Issue 5 , February 2012, , Pages 1-29
Abstract
Introduction: Depression is a disorder that has attracted the attention of psychologists and therapists all over the world. This study aims to clarify and elucidate two major points: a) epidemic status of depression on various levels of high school students; and b) scrutiny of group cognitive therapy ...
Read More
Introduction: Depression is a disorder that has attracted the attention of psychologists and therapists all over the world. This study aims to clarify and elucidate two major points: a) epidemic status of depression on various levels of high school students; and b) scrutiny of group cognitive therapy influence on the reduction of irrational beliefs and depression of the students. Method: Sample consisted of 457 students, randomlyselected based by cluster sampling method. Beck's questionnaire (short form) was used and the following results were obtained: 1) %36.97 without depression; 2) %35.23 with mild depression; 3) %20.35 with average depression; 4) % 7.44 with intensive depression. Next, 36 students with average and intensive depression were matched according to their age, grades, and major. Then 16 students were randomly selected and put into two groups of eight in experimental and control groups. Both groups were tested by pre and post test of Beck's depression and Jones's irrational beliefs questionnaire. Experimental group received 10 sessions of group treatment cognition based on Ellis method of Rational Emotive Therapy. Two significant points were determined: a) paired sample t-test pertaining to pre and post tests of both groups (differences of within groups), and b) Independent sample t-test pertaining to the difference of pre and post tests scores (difference of between groups). Result: The data revealed that: A) Irrational beliefs had meaningful reduction [%95 confidence]; 1- Anxious over concern; 2- Frustration reaction; 3- Perfectionism. B) Irrational beliefs which had reduction but was not meaningful; 1- Emotional irresponsibility [Approximately meaningful]; 2- Dependency; 3- Demand for approval; 4- Problem avoidance. C) Irrational beliefs which had no reduction at all [even followed by increase]; 1- High self expectation; 2- Helplessness for change; 3- Blame proneness. However, the total score of irrational beliefs test had a meaningful reduction [%95 confidence). In that sense, there had been a meaningful reduction in the depression scores of the experimental group [%95 confidence]. Discussion: The result indicates that group cognitive therapy helps the reduction of irrational beliefs as well as student's depression simultaneously.