Research Paper
Alimohammad Rezaei; Faeze Jahan
Volume 5, Issue 19 , October 2015, Pages 1-18
Abstract
This study deals with the direct role of perfectionism components in depression and their indirect mediating role in depression. To this end, 200 students at Bu-Ali Sina University in Hamedan were selected using the stratified random sampling method and responded to the research instruments, including ...
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This study deals with the direct role of perfectionism components in depression and their indirect mediating role in depression. To this end, 200 students at Bu-Ali Sina University in Hamedan were selected using the stratified random sampling method and responded to the research instruments, including perfectionism scale, self-criticism scale, and Beck's Depression Inventory. Pearson correlation and path analysis were applied in data collection. Results of the former indicated that there is a significant relation between the components of perfectionism and self-criticism and depression. In addition, there was a significant relation between self-criticism and depression. Path analysis results suggest that beta coefficient of other oriented perfectionism path to depression and community oriented perfectionism path to self-criticism is not significant, while the other path coefficients were significant. Good fit of model indices also demonstrated that the model has a good fit vis-à-vis the model. Overall, the results showed that perfectionism and self-criticism account for 59% of the variance of depression, and self-oriented perfectionism and other-oriented perfectionism account for 33% of the variance of self-criticism. Overall, one could draw the conclusion from the collected information that the subjects' depression could remarkably be controlled through reformed self-criticism and components of perfectionism.
Research Paper
Zohreh Tavakoli; Farhad Jomehri; Adis Kraskian Mojambari
Volume 5, Issue 19 , October 2015, Pages 19-33
Abstract
Learning disorders could be prevented if identified before the elementary school; otherwise, they will bring about irremediable damages. Sensory integration refers to the reception and processing of the seven senses' information (motion, touch, pressure, vision, hearing, taste, and smelling). In a learning ...
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Learning disorders could be prevented if identified before the elementary school; otherwise, they will bring about irremediable damages. Sensory integration refers to the reception and processing of the seven senses' information (motion, touch, pressure, vision, hearing, taste, and smelling). In a learning disorder, sensory information is not carefully processed; therefore, one could treat a series of writing, reading and spelling disabilities as well as mathematical disorders by coordinating eyes and hands and motion control, etc. Spatial thinking exercises aim to boost children's ability for spatial and visual perception, establishing necessary coordination among the eyes, hands and other senses. In this technique, the statistical population of children with learning disorder was provided with sensory integration training and spatial thinking exercises for 2 months. The results suggest that sensory integration training and spatial thinking exercises lead to improved non-verbal intelligence in the children with learning disorder.
Research Paper
Ahmad Abedi; Hamidreza Arizi; Maryam Sharifi
Volume 5, Issue 19 , October 2015, Pages 35-61
Abstract
In the late decades, specialists have investigated the impact of multiple psychological interventions on treatment of depression disorder. In order to save budget and time, many of such interventions have been provided in groups, reporting significant changes in the experiment groups vis-à-vis ...
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In the late decades, specialists have investigated the impact of multiple psychological interventions on treatment of depression disorder. In order to save budget and time, many of such interventions have been provided in groups, reporting significant changes in the experiment groups vis-à-vis the control groups. Even so, the precise degree of their effect is unknown. This study aims to gather and integrate the results originating from group psychological interventions in treating depression and computing the level of their effect using a meta-analysis. To this end, 41 methodologically acceptable studies were selected and underwent a meta-analysis. The research instrument includes a meta-analysis checklist. The findings suggest that the level of impact of group psychological interventions on improved depression is 0.59 (p<0.001), which was put at 0.42 (p<0.01) in the age-range of children and adolescents, 0.64 (p<0.001) among the adults, and 0.50 (p<0.001) among the elderly. Moreover, the results of moderation analysis suggested the influence of moderating variables in such interventions. According to this meta-analysis, the degree of impact of group psychological interventions on treating depression is high as indicated by Cohen's chart. This level of effect was high among adults and the elderly, while mediocre among children and adolescents. Furthermore, the impact of moderating variables was more in the child and adolescents group than adults and the elderly
Research Paper
Ali tayarani rad; Noorali farrokhi; Esmail keirjoo; Nafiseh sarihi
Volume 5, Issue 19 , October 2015, Pages 63-79
Abstract
This study deals with the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy, response prevention and exposure and medicinal treatments on OCD using a meta-analysis and by means of drawing a comparison between such techniques and OCD treatment. The structured review method was adopted for the purpose of selecting ...
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This study deals with the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy, response prevention and exposure and medicinal treatments on OCD using a meta-analysis and by means of drawing a comparison between such techniques and OCD treatment. The structured review method was adopted for the purpose of selecting the required surveys; therefore, 28 surveys, including master's degree and doctoral theses and local and foreign papers and articles drawing upon the foregoing methods in OCD treatment, were selected as the research sample. The important factor in determining suitability of the studies and surveys was the statistical methods employed for their data analyses. In order to compute effect sizes, the standard difference between means was used. According to the ensuing results, CBT has an effect size of 1.611. Moreover, effect sizes of response prevention and exposure techniques and medicinal treatments were put at 1.59 and 0.617 respectively, suggesting effectiveness of the foregoing treatments. A comparison of efficiency of such therapies and treatments demonstrated, on the other hand, that CBT has the highest level of effect in OCD treatment. Furthermore, medicinal care is less effective than psychological therapies and treatments.
Research Paper
Mahdieh Tarsafi; Seyed Mohammad Kalantar Kousheh; David Lester
Volume 5, Issue 19 , October 2015, Pages 81-98
Abstract
Social rank theory is a theory of depression and suicidal behavior based on animal models of defeat and entrapment which, in animals result in depressive-type behavior. Gilbert and Allan (1998) have devised a scale to measure defeat. This goal of the present study was to explore the validity and reliability ...
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Social rank theory is a theory of depression and suicidal behavior based on animal models of defeat and entrapment which, in animals result in depressive-type behavior. Gilbert and Allan (1998) have devised a scale to measure defeat. This goal of the present study was to explore the validity and reliability of the Defeat Scale with students of Allameh Tabataba'i University. A sample of 306 (102 male and 204 female) students was selected using simple random sampling. An exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation was employed. Beck’s hopelessness and depression scales were used to examine convergent validity. Even though the original scale of the questionnaire was published without subscales, the results of the present research identified three subscales labeled inactivity, loser and satisfaction. Together, these three factors explained 63% of the variance of the matrix of item-correlations. The internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha was 0.91 overall, 0.91 in females, and 0.92 in males. There were significant correlations between Beck’s hopelessness and depression scale scores with scores on the defeat and with the three factor scores. The Defeat Scale has good reliability and validity in Persian culture.
Research Paper
Elham Abniki; Abbas Abolghasemi; Masoumeh Abbasi; Roghieh Moazzez; Razieh Jalali
Volume 5, Issue 19 , October 2015, Pages 99-118
Abstract
This study sets out to investigate the impact of group cognitive-behavioral intervention in stress management on improved hardiness and self-control in depressed women. It was carried out by means of experimental method inclusive of pretest and posttest with a control group. The statistical population ...
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This study sets out to investigate the impact of group cognitive-behavioral intervention in stress management on improved hardiness and self-control in depressed women. It was carried out by means of experimental method inclusive of pretest and posttest with a control group. The statistical population comprises all female married patients visiting the Psychiatry Clinic in Tehran in 2013. The research sample is composed of 30 depressed patients who were selected from among the patients and divided into two experiment and control groups. For the purpose of data collection, the hardiness scale, self-control scale, perceived stress scale, and depression inventory were employed. Results of the multivariate variance analysis suggested that group cognitive-behavioral intervention in stress management positively affects improved hardiness and self-control (P<0.001). According to the research findings, group cognitive-behavioral intervention in stress management proves to be an effective method for improving and increasing depressed women's hardiness and self-control.
Research Paper
Atoosa Kalantar Hormazi; Sakineh Talkoee; Ghasem Moradi
Volume 5, Issue 19 , October 2015, Pages 119-138
Abstract
This study aims to predict psychological resiliency in the married women residing at district 9 of Tehran based on their level of religious affiliation and religious dual orientation. The sample is composed of 150 married women who visited cultural and counseling centers based in district 9 in 2013 and ...
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This study aims to predict psychological resiliency in the married women residing at district 9 of Tehran based on their level of religious affiliation and religious dual orientation. The sample is composed of 150 married women who visited cultural and counseling centers based in district 9 in 2013 and were selected by means of convenience sampling method and filled out Janbozorgi Scale of Religious Affiliation (2009) and Conner and Davidson Scale of Psychological Resiliency (2003). The research data were analyzed by means of Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression. The results suggest that resiliency was in negative correlation to religious dual orientation (-0.37) at the level of P
Research Paper
Mansour Bayrami; Yazdan Movahedi; Reza Mohammad Zadegan; Reza Sepahvand
Volume 5, Issue 19 , October 2015, Pages 139-153
Abstract
Metacognition is a multidimensional concept entailing knowledge, processes and the strategies which assess, monitor, or control cognition. This study sets out to draw a comparison between metacognitive beliefs and pathological worry in the students with test anxiety syndrome and normal students. In this ...
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Metacognition is a multidimensional concept entailing knowledge, processes and the strategies which assess, monitor, or control cognition. This study sets out to draw a comparison between metacognitive beliefs and pathological worry in the students with test anxiety syndrome and normal students. In this causal-comparative study, 670 individuals were selected from the senior high school students in Tabriz by means of multistep cluster random sampling method and responded to Spellberger Test Anxiety Scale. Then, 100 students with test anxiety disorder were selected and matched with 100 normal students. Moreover, they responded not only to demographic questions but also to Wells & Cartwright Scale of Metacognitive Beliefs, and Pennsylvania Worry Scale. The data were analyzed by means of multivariate variance analysis. The results suggest that there is a significant difference between the scores of students with test anxiety disorder and normal students as to the components of metacognitive beliefs and pathological worry. Metacognitive beliefs serve as effective factors in students' mental health, and one could make an improvement in their mental health by altering the metacognitions which develop negative and incompatible attitudes and general negative beliefs.
Research Paper
Hossein Eskandari
Volume 5, Issue 19 , October 2015, Pages 155-182
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to answer these essential questions: how the narrative is made? How does it work? How does it describe the status of wellbeing or illness, and how and based on what mechanism would it be capable to predict and control of human conditions? At last, the objective is to answer ...
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The purpose of this study is to answer these essential questions: how the narrative is made? How does it work? How does it describe the status of wellbeing or illness, and how and based on what mechanism would it be capable to predict and control of human conditions? At last, the objective is to answer this question that how narratives construct the reality. The current study is organized in theoretical analysis framework and based on argumentative and deductive methods founded on discourse analysis. As a qualitative method, discourse analysis provides an analysis of the text. Text in this literature can be a written text as well as a theory and also a social reality. Language can be considered in two ways. In the synchronized form, language is studied in a specific time unit and in a specific timeless situation, the other one is the diachronized form in which the development of language during a time is studied. Narrative is made through the synchronized and diachronized movement of language. This process is dependent on language and dialogic conversation. Narrative is expressed and becomes coherent and integrated in dialogic process. Narrative is neither an outer-mind (the first world) issue as narrative realism claims, nor an inter-mind one (the second world) as proposed by postmodernism and constructionism. Language is both the subject and the issue, which is formulated during dialogic process and discursive context and settles down in the third world. Narratives are organized into dialogic form and help construct the narrative self.
Research Paper
Firouzeh zarghami; Leila Heidari Nasab; Mohammad Reza Shaeiri; Zahra Shahrivar
Volume 5, Issue 19 , October 2015, Pages 183-202
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of CBT based on Coping Cat on reduced anxiety symptoms in the Iranian children within the age range of 8 to 10 suffering from anxiety. It was conducted based on a quasi-experimental design with pretest and posttest and control group. 20 children within the preceding ...
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This study investigates the effect of CBT based on Coping Cat on reduced anxiety symptoms in the Iranian children within the age range of 8 to 10 suffering from anxiety. It was conducted based on a quasi-experimental design with pretest and posttest and control group. 20 children within the preceding age range suffering from generalized anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, and social anxiety were selected using the goal-directed convenience sampling method after they underwent clinical interviews arranged by the child and adolescent psychiatrist, assessment with a semi-structured diagnostic interview of mood disorders and schizophrenia for children and adolescents (K-SADS) and placement at the clinical level according to the DSM-based anxiety scale and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and placed into two groups of 10 (treatment and waiting list groups). Intervention therapy based on Coping Cat individual cognitive-behavior program was provided to the members of the treatment group for 16 sessions. The research data were gathered by means of DSM-based anxiety scale and CBCL and Spence Scale (Parent and Child version), and further analyzed using Mann-Whitney test, Friedman test, and significant clinical changes. The results suggest that Coping-cat-based CBT significantly reduces anxiety symptoms of the treatment group members vis-à-vis the waiting group both statistically (p<0.001, Z=3.335) and clinically, which continued in one-and-a-half and three-month follow-ups. Confirming the results of previous studies, the research findings indicate that Coping-cat CBT affects reduced anxiety symptoms in the Iranian children falling within the age range of 8 to 10 and that such an impact persists during follow-ups. Therefore, its basic application in psychological therapy centers could be feasible.
Research Paper
Farshad Mohsenzadeh; Zahra Jahanbakhshi; Hossein Keshavarz Afshar
Volume 5, Issue 19 , October 2015, Pages 203-220
Abstract
Academic procrastination is a common problem and hindrance to students' academic achievement, such that diverse studies have suggested that 50 to 95% of people have procrastinated in doing their assignments. Despite the negative problems and consequences it brings about, few interventional efforts have ...
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Academic procrastination is a common problem and hindrance to students' academic achievement, such that diverse studies have suggested that 50 to 95% of people have procrastinated in doing their assignments. Despite the negative problems and consequences it brings about, few interventional efforts have been made to tackle it, and counseling specialists have few interventional options. This study seeks to examine the impact of an interventional option, namely reality therapy, on reduced academic procrastination. To this end, 60 individuals were randomly selected from among the male high school freshmen with high levels of academic procrastination identified in the initial study and divided into two experiment and control groups. The former was exposed to reality therapy provided by means of WDEP, while the latter underwent no intervention. An analysis of the data and comparison of difference in means of pretest and posttest scores achieved by the both groups using a t-test on each group separately indicated that academic procrastination scores in the experiment group have significantly reduced to the extent more than the control group. The research finding shows that reality therapy could be adopted as a serious interventional option for the purpose of decreasing academic procrastination. Finally, implications for teachers and parents were discussed.
