Authors

Abstract

This study has been conducted to investigate the efficacy of Narrative Constructive Treatment in Back to the future model on reduction of Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) symptoms. The population of the study were all women with ASD symptoms, which appeared following the exposure to car accident coma of the spouse and their husband hospitalized in ICU ward of Poorsina hospital, in Rasht, during 2013 (from June to August). The sample included three women (n=3), who were selected based on purposeful sampling procedure. These cases were selected using Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire (SASRQ). This study was a non-concurrent multiple-baseline (across participants) single-case experimental study. The intervention was conducted based on Narrative Constructive Treatment in Back to the future model. The treatment program was carried out for 13 sixty-minute sessions. In general, the study consisted of three stages including the baseline evaluation, the intervention period, and with a follow-up period of 1.5 and 3 months subsequent to treatment termination. Data were analyzed using the clinical significance (Cohen’s d) method, and findings demonstrated that all subjects who completed the treatment showed significant improvement in their ASD symptoms (d = -1.89), including dissociative (d = -1.78), re-experience (d = -1.82), avoidance (d= -2.08) and marked symptoms of anxiety or increased arousal (d = -1.88). It appears that back to the future model is effective in treating women’s ASD.

اسکندری، حسین. (1392). کشف جهان اجتماعی بیماری روانی، بازنگری در ماهیت بیماری روانی و تاکید بر ساخت زبانی آن. فصلنامه مطالعات روانشناسی بالینی، دوره سوم، 12، 20-1.
اسکندری، حسین. (1394). روایت‌ها چگونه واقعیت را می سازند؟، فصلنامه مطالعات روانشناسی بالینی، دوره پنجم، 19، 182-155.
چراغ سپهر، مریم. (1392). تاثیر روایت درمانی مواجهه‌ای بر کاهش نشانگان اختلال تنیدگی پس از ضربه. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد در رشته روانشناسی عمومی. دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی دانشگاه گیلان.
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, (Fifth Edition). Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association.
Amir, N., Strafford, J., Freshman M.S., & Foa, E.B. (1998). Relationship between trauma narratives and trauma pathology. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 11(2), 385-392.
Anderson, H. (1997). Conversation, language, and possibilities: A postmodern approach to therapy. New York: Basic Books.
Bhalla, k., Naghavi, M., Shahraz, S., Bartels, D. and Murray, C.J.L. (2009). Building national estimates of the burden of road traffic injuries in developing countries from all available data sources: Iran. Injury Prevention, 15(3), 150-156.
Bonanno, G. A., Brewin, C. R., Kaniasty, K., Greca, Annette A. M. L. (2010). Weighing the costs of disaster: Consequences, risks, and resilience in individuals, families, and communities. Psychological Science in the Public Interest. 11(1) 1–49. DOI: 10.1177/1529100610387086.
Bryant, R. A., Harvey, A. G., Dang, S., Sackville, T. (1998). Assessing acute stress disorder: psychometric properties of a structured clinical interview. Psychological Assessment, 10(3), 215-220.
Cardena, E., Koopman, C., Classen, C., Waelde, L. C., & Spiegel, D. (2000). Psychometric properties of the Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire (SASRQ): A valid and reliable measure of acute stress. Journal of traumatic Stress, 13(3), 719–734.
Crossley, M. L. (2000). Introducing narrative psychology: Self, trauma and the construction of meaning. Buckingham: Open University Press.
Currier, J. M. (2010). Acute stress disorder and forms of narrative disruption. Pragmatic Case Studies in Psychotherapy, 6(1), 34-42. http://pcsp.libraries.rutgers.edu
Jong, P. D., & Berg, I. K. (2002). Interviewing for solutions. Belmont: Thomson Brooks/Cole.
Diehl, T. & Goldberg, K. (2004). Psychiatric nursing made incredibly easy. Philadelphia: Springhouse.
Echeburúa, Enrique. (2010). The challenge of posttraumatic stress disorder prevention: How to survive a disaster . terapia psicolÓgica, 28(2), 147-154.
Ecker, B., Hulley, L. (2008). Coherence therapy. In J. D. Raskin & S. K. Bridges (Eds.), Studies in meaning, 3, 57–84. New York: Pace University Press.
Farnsworth, Jacob., Sewell, Kenneth W.(2010). "Back to the Future" therapy: Its present relevance, promise, and implications. Pragmatic Case Studies in Psychotherapy.  6(1), 27-33.
Feather, Jacqueline susan. (2007). Trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy for abused children with posttraumatic stress disorder: Development and evaluation of manualised treatment programme. (Doctoral dissertation).  Massey University, Albany. New Zealand.
Frankl, Victor (1992). Man’s search for meaning. (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
Gorgi, Ali. (2012). The First international congress of road safety in Mashhad, Iran. Journal of Injury and Violence Research. 4(2): 101–102.
Hermans, Hubert J.M., Dimaggio, Giancarlo. (2004). The Dialogical Self in Psychotherapy. Brunner-Routledge. Taylor & Francis Group. HOVE AND NEW YORK.
Jones-Smith, Elsie. (2012). Theories of counseling and psychotherapy: An integrative approach. SAGE Publication, Inc.
Jupp, Victor. (2006). The Sage dictionary of social Research methods. SAGE Publications.
Lynn, S.J., Kirsch, I. (2006). Essentials of clinical hypnosis: An evidence-based approach. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
McAdam, Jennifer L., Puntillo, Kathleen. (2009). Symptoms experienced by family members of patients in intensive Care units. American Journal of Critical Care, 18(3), 200-209.
Neimeyer, R. A. (2002). Traumatic loss and the reconstruction of meaning. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 5, 935-942.
Neimeyer, Robert A. (2009). Constructivist psychotherapy: Distinctive features. publisher: Taylor & Francis Routledge
Omer, H., and Alon, N. (1994). The Continuity principle: A unified approach to disaster and Trauma. American Journal of Community Psychology, 22(2), 273-287.
Omer, H., and Alon N. (1997). Constructing therapeutic narratives. New York: Jason Aronson.
Palgi, Y., Ben-Ezra, M. (2010a). “Back To The Future”: Narrative treatment for post-traumatic, acute stress disorder in the case of paramedic Mr. G. Pragmatic Case Studies in Psychotherapy, 6(1), 1-26.
Palgi, Y., Ben-Ezra, M. (2010b). Prepared and still surprised. Pragmatic Case Studies in Psychotherapy. 6)1(, 43-48.

Puggina, Ana Cláudia Giesbrecht., Silva, Maria Júlia Paes da., Araújo, Monica Martins Trovo de. (2008). Messages from relatives of patients in coma: Hope as common element. Acta paul. Enferm, 21(2), 249-55.

Rezaaei, Satar., Arab, Mohammad., Karami Matin, Behzad., Akbari Sari, Ali. (2014). Extent, consequences and economic burden of road traffic crashes in Iran. Injury & Violence, 6(2), 57-63. doi: 10.5249/ jivr.v6i2.191
Schonenberg, Michael., Jusyte, Aiste., Hautzinger, Martin., Badke, Andreas (2011). Early predictors of posttraumatic stress in accident victims. Psychiatry Research, 190, 152–155.
Stewart, A. E., Neimeyer, R. A. (2001). Emplotting the traumatic self: Narrative revision and the construction of coherence. The Humanist Psychologist, 29, 8-39.
Tarragona, Margarita. (2007). Postmodern/Poststructuralist Therapies. In Lebow, Jay L., (Eds.). Twenty-first century psychotherapies contemporary approaches to theory and practice (pp.167-205). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Wang, Ching-Hui., Tsay, Shiow-Luan., Bond, A. Elaine. (2005). Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Depression, Anxiety and Quality of Life in Patients with Traffic-related Iinjuries. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 52(1), 22–30.
White, M., Epston, D. (1990). Narrative Means to Therapeutic Ends. New York: Norton.