Authors

Department of psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy focused on self -compassion on social anxiety of adolescent girls. Thirty two female adolescents with social anxiety were randomly selected in Isfahan. The participants were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (sixteen persons in each group). The study performed in pretest, posttest and follow up stages. Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A) and demographical information questionnaires were used to gather the data. The interventions were consisted of self-compassion focused therapy with acceptance and commitment therapy method (8 sessions for experimental group). Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that  acceptance and commitment therapy focused on self -compassion had a significant effect on Reducing of social anxiety in adolescent girls in posttest(P≤0.01) and follow up (P<0.02). The study supported that acceptance and commitment therapy focused on self -compassion can reduce social anxiety in adolescent girls. 

Keywords

بشرپور، سجاد. عیسی زادگان، علی. (1391). "بررسی نقش صفات شخصیتی دلسوزی به خود و بخشایش در پیش بینی شدت افسردگی دانشجویان".  تحقیقات علوم رفتاری. 10،6، 452-461.
پور فرج عمران، مجید. (1390). "اثربخشی درمان گروهی پذیرش و تعهد بر هراس اجتماعی دانشجویان". فصلنامه دانش و تندرستی.6،2، 1-5.
خدائی، علی. شکری، امید. پاکلک، ملیتا. گراوند، فریبرز. طولابی، سعید. (1390). "ساختار عاملی و ویژگی های روانسنجی مقیاس اضطراب اجتماعی نوجوانان". مجله علوم رفتاری. 5، 3، 209-216.
فیضی، ژاله. مرادی، علیرضا. خواجه دلوئی، محمد. خادم، نیره. (1396). "کارآمدی درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد بر اضطراب و افسردگی زنان باردار به وسیله لقاح خارج از رحمی". فصلنامه مطالعات روانشناسی بالینی دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی. 7، 27، 1-21.
گلپور، رضا.، ابوالقاسمی، عباس.، احدی، بتول.، نریمانی، محمد. (1393). "اثربخشی آموزش خود-دلسوزی شناختی و درمان متمرکز بر هیجان بر بهبود کیفیت زندگی دنش آموزان مبتلا به افسردگی". مجله روانشناسی بالینی. 6، 53-64.
هنرپروران، نازنین. (1393). "بررسی اثربخشی رویکرد پذیرش و تعهد بر بخشش و سازگاری زناشویی زنان آسیب دیده ازخیانت همسر". فصلنامه زن و جامعه. 5، 2، 135-150.
Arimitsu, K., & Hofmann, S.G. (2015). Cognitions as mediators in the relationship between self-compassion and affect. Personality and Individual Differences. 74: 41–48.
Block, J.A, & Wulfert E. (2000). Acceptance or change: Treating socially anxious college students with ACT or CBGT. The Behavior Analyst Today; 1(2):1-55.
Breines, J. G., Thoma, M. V., Gianferante, D., Hanlin, L., Chen, X., & Rohleder, N. (2014). Self compassion as a predictor of interleukin-6 response to acute psychosocial stress. Journal of Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 37, 109-114.
Brown, K.W., & Ryan R.M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Acceptance and Commitment Training and Its role in psychological wellbeing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(22), 822-848.
Elaine Beaumont, C. J & Hollins, M. (2016).Exploration of a training program for student therapist that employs Compassionate Mind Training (CMT) to develop compassion for self and others. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 22, 5-13.
Fergus, T.A., Valentiner, D.P., McGrath, P.B., Stephenson, K., Gier, S., & Jencius, S. (2009).The Fear of   Positive Evaluation Scale: Psychometric properties in a clinical sample. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23, 1177-1183.
Gilbert, P. (2009). Introducing compassion focused therapy. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 15, 199– 208.
Gilbert, P., & Procter S. (2006). Compassionate mind training for people with high shame and self-criticism: Overview and pilot study of a group therapy approach. Clin Psychol Psychother; 13: 353-79.
Gilbert, P. (2005). Compassion and cruelty: a bio psychosocial approach. In P. Gilbert (Ed.), Compassion: Conceptualisations, research and use in psychotherapy (pp. 9–74). London: Routledge.
Hayes S.C. (2004). Acceptance and commitment therapy, relational frame theory, and the third wave of behavioral and cognitive therapies. Behavior Therapy, 35(4), 639-665.
Hayes, S.C. (2008). The roots of compassion. Keynote speech delivered at the International ACT Conference, Chicago.
Heimberg, R.G., Brozovich, F.A., & Rapee, R.M. (2010).A cognitive-behavioral model of social anxiety disorder: Update and extension. In S.G. Hofmann & P.M. DiBartolo (Eds.), Social anxiety: Clinical, Developmental, and Social perspectives (2nd ed., pp.395-422).New york: Academic Press.
Herbert, J. D. & Dalrymple, K. (2005). Social anxiety disorder. in A. Freeman, A.M. Nezu, M. A. Reinecke, C. M. Nezu, & S. Felgoise (Eds.), Encyclopaedia of Cognitive Behavior Therapy,368-372.
Hosseini, L. & Khazali, H. (2013). Comparing the level of anxiety in male & female school students. Procedia- Social and Behavioral Science. 84, 41-46.
Irons, C., & Lad, S. (2017).Using compassion focused therapy to work with shame and self-criticism in complex trauma. Australian Clinical Psychologist. 3, 47-54.
Junkin, S.E. (2007). Yoga and self-esteem: exploring change in middle-age women. A Thesis Submitted to the College of Graduate Studies and Research in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of  Science in the College of Kinesiology University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon August, (1),72-76.
Kessler, R.C., Berglund, P.D., Demler, O., Olga, J.R., Merikangas, K.R., & Walte  E.E. (2005). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distribution of DSM-IV disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 593-602.
Lee, W.K. (2013). Self-compassion as a moderator of the relationship between academic burn-out and psychological health in Korean cyber university students. Personality and Individual Differences, 54, 899–902.
Masuda, A., Hayes, S.C, Sackett, C.F & Twohig, M.P. (2004). Cognitive diffusion and self- relevant negative thoughts: Examining the impact of a 90-year-old technique. Behav Res Ther; 42(4): 477-485.
Neff, K.D. (2011). Self-compassion stop beating up and leave insecurity behind. Harper Collins Publisher, USA.
Neff, K. D.  2008(. Self-compassion: Moving beyond the pitfalls of a separate self-concept. In: Wayment HA, Bauer J,editors. Transcending self-interest: Psychological explorations of the quiet ego. 1st ed. Washington DC.American Psychological Association (APA).
Neff, K. D. (2003 a). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward   oneself. Self and Identity; 2: 85-102.
Ostafin, B.D. (2006). Acceptance and Commitment Training and the Reduction of Psychological Distress: A Preliminary Study. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 13, 191-197.
Ossman W.A, Wilson K.G., Storaasli R.D., & McNeill, JW. )2006).A Preliminary Investigation of the Use of    Acceptance  and Commitment Therapy in Group Treatment for Social Phobia Investigation. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 6, 397-416.
Pauley, G, & McPherson, S. (2010). The experience and meaning of compassion and self compassion for individuals with depression or anxiety Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theor. Research an Practice, 83, 129–143.     
Raes, F. (2010). Rumination and worry as mediators of the relationship between self compassion and depression and anxiety. Personality and Individual Differences, 48,757-761.
Rosmussen, M.K., & Pidgeon, A.M. (2011). The Direct and benefits of dispositional mindfulness on self-esteem and social anxiety. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 24(2), 227-233.
Tolman, R.M., Himle, J., Bybee, D., Abelson, J.L., Hoffman, J., & Van Etten-Lee, M. (2009). Impact of social anxiety disorder on employment among women receiving welfare benefits. Psychiatric Services, 60, 61-66.
Twohig, M.P. Hayes S.C., & Masuda A). 2006). Increasing willingness to experience obsessions: Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for obsessive compulsive disorder. Behav Ther; 37(1): 3-13.
Van Dam, N .T, Sheppard, S. C., Forsyth, J., & Earleywine, M. (2011). Self-compassion is a better predictor than mindfulness of symptom severity and quality of life in mixed anxiety and depression. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25, 123-130.
Wernre, K.H., Jazaieri, H., Goldin, P.R., Ziv, M., Heimberg R.G., & Gross, J.J. (2012). Sel compassion and social anxiety disorder. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping. 25(5), 543-558.
Zeidan, F, Johnson, S.K, Diamond, B.J, David, Z., & Goolkasian P. (2010). Mindfulness meditation improves cognition: Evidence of brief mental training. Conscious Cogn, 19(2):597-605.