Research Paper
Alirezā Mahmūdniā; Hasan Rastegārpūr; Farhād Jokār
Volume 2, Issue 5 , December 2011, Pages 1-29
Abstract
Introduction: Depression is a disorder that has attracted the attention of psychologists and therapists all over the world. This study aims to clarify and elucidate two major points: a) epidemic status of depression on various levels of high school students; and b) scrutiny of group cognitive therapy ...
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Introduction: Depression is a disorder that has attracted the attention of psychologists and therapists all over the world. This study aims to clarify and elucidate two major points: a) epidemic status of depression on various levels of high school students; and b) scrutiny of group cognitive therapy influence on the reduction of irrational beliefs and depression of the students. Method: Sample consisted of 457 students, randomlyselected based by cluster sampling method. Beck's questionnaire (short form) was used and the following results were obtained: 1) %36.97 without depression; 2) %35.23 with mild depression; 3) %20.35 with average depression; 4) % 7.44 with intensive depression. Next, 36 students with average and intensive depression were matched according to their age, grades, and major. Then 16 students were randomly selected and put into two groups of eight in experimental and control groups. Both groups were tested by pre and post test of Beck's depression and Jones's irrational beliefs questionnaire. Experimental group received 10 sessions of group treatment cognition based on Ellis method of Rational Emotive Therapy. Two significant points were determined: a) paired sample t-test pertaining to pre and post tests of both groups (differences of within groups), and b) Independent sample t-test pertaining to the difference of pre and post tests scores (difference of between groups). Result: The data revealed that: A) Irrational beliefs had meaningful reduction [%95 confidence]; 1- Anxious over concern; 2- Frustration reaction; 3- Perfectionism. B) Irrational beliefs which had reduction but was not meaningful; 1- Emotional irresponsibility [Approximately meaningful]; 2- Dependency; 3- Demand for approval; 4- Problem avoidance. C) Irrational beliefs which had no reduction at all [even followed by increase]; 1- High self expectation; 2- Helplessness for change; 3- Blame proneness. However, the total score of irrational beliefs test had a meaningful reduction [%95 confidence). In that sense, there had been a meaningful reduction in the depression scores of the experimental group [%95 confidence]. Discussion: The result indicates that group cognitive therapy helps the reduction of irrational beliefs as well as student's depression simultaneously.
Research Paper
Farāmarz Sohrābi; Mehrnūsh Dārini; Hussein Dāvūdi
Volume 2, Issue 5 , December 2011, Pages 28-49
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of Stress Inoculation Training (SIT) on reduction of stress, anxiety and depression in working women. The research methodology was semi-experimental.
The statistical population of this research consisted of all those women employed in private ...
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The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of Stress Inoculation Training (SIT) on reduction of stress, anxiety and depression in working women. The research methodology was semi-experimental.
The statistical population of this research consisted of all those women employed in private sector of Tehran Welfare organization in the year 2010. In this procedure 24 of the female staff who gained higher average scores in Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) were randomly selected and divided into two groups of 12 each, as an experimental and control groups. Experimental group received SIT through ten 2-hour sessions. Both groups were tested and evaluated twice (pre-test, post-test).
The results of the study obtained from analysis of covariance indicated that the mass SIT intervention is effective in reduction of stress, anxiety and depression amongst working women.
According to the results of the study, it can be concluded that the SIT is an effective technique to reduce stress, anxiety and depression.
Research Paper
Mohsen Ahmadi Tahūr-Soltāni; Rezā Karami-Niā; Hasan Ahadi; Alirezā Morādi
Volume 2, Issue 5 , December 2011, Pages 51-73
Abstract
Background and Objective: To measure the mental strength and ability of human and structures that exist in field of positive psychology some instruments are required. The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of Simpson's Hope Scale in Iranian university students.
Methods: ...
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Background and Objective: To measure the mental strength and ability of human and structures that exist in field of positive psychology some instruments are required. The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of Simpson's Hope Scale in Iranian university students.
Methods: In this descriptive-survey research 1000 students of the 18-34 age group and the 23.9±5.13 mean were selected through categorical cluster sampling method from among different Iranian universities, and the participant answered Snyder's Hope Scale, Oxford Happiness Scale, Hardiness Scale, Beck Hopelessness Inventory, Riff's Psychological Well-being Scale as well as Simpson's (1999) Hope Scale (with minor changes).
Results: Of meaningful significance (p<0/01) were Coefficients of Cronbach's Alpha (0.94), split-half (0.85), convergent validity (with Hardiness, (0.40), Happiness, (0.64), Psychological Well-being, (0.47), divergent validity (with Hopelessness, -0.25). Exploratory factor analysis showed that 40-items Hope scale for adults had five latent factors that explain 56% of the variance. Second order confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the five factors had high factor loadings on one latent factor and therefore six factors model was fitted with the data (AGFI=0.93, RMSEA= 0.037, NFI=0.98).
Conclusion: The results showed that this test has high reliability and validity and can be used in other researches as well.
Research Paper
Somayyeh Kāzemiyān; Ali Delāvar
Volume 2, Issue 5 , December 2011, Pages 75-90
Abstract
The aim of this research is to improve the general health in addicts who voluntarily seek treatment. The study is semi-experimental with pre-test and post test design. After applying the general health questionnaire (GHQ) on the participants, 20 clients with scores over the standard level (23 ...
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The aim of this research is to improve the general health in addicts who voluntarily seek treatment. The study is semi-experimental with pre-test and post test design. After applying the general health questionnaire (GHQ) on the participants, 20 clients with scores over the standard level (23 or more) were chosen randomly as the subjects, and were divided into experimental and control groups. Both groups underwent pre- and post-tested. The results showed that life review therapy can reduce depression, anxiety and physical symptoms, and enhance the rate of general health and social performance of the subjects.
Research Paper
Fātemeh Saeediyān; Mohammad-Rezā Nili
Volume 2, Issue 5 , December 2011, Pages 91-115
Abstract
Background: Women living as the head of a family are vulnerable for a variety of reasons.
Objectives: This investigation examined the effect of assertiveness training on social adjustment and positive self concept of those women in Tehran who head their family and household. In this research, the assumption ...
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Background: Women living as the head of a family are vulnerable for a variety of reasons.
Objectives: This investigation examined the effect of assertiveness training on social adjustment and positive self concept of those women in Tehran who head their family and household. In this research, the assumption is that assertiveness training is influential on social adjustment and positive self concept of such women.
Methods: This research was quasi-experimental with pre-post test and control group. The sample consisted of 30 head-of-household women living in Tehran. Bell social adjustment and Tennessee self concept are two questionnaires that are used in this study. "T test" has been used for the analysis of the aggregate data.
Conclusions: The results showed that assertiveness training has a meaningful influence on the social adjustment of head-of-household women, but no effect on their positive self concept.
Research Paper
Mohsen Shokūhi Yektā; Saeed Akbari-Zardkhāneh; Fahimeh Qahvehchi
Volume 2, Issue 5 , December 2011, Pages 116-137
Abstract
Objective: This paper aims to study the effectiveness of training the pre-school teachers for issues relating to problem solving and anger management, and its impact on their teaching style, aggression and happiness.
Method: The present study is of a quasi-experimental “pretest-posttest” ...
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Objective: This paper aims to study the effectiveness of training the pre-school teachers for issues relating to problem solving and anger management, and its impact on their teaching style, aggression and happiness.
Method: The present study is of a quasi-experimental “pretest-posttest” single group design. 48 preschool teachers in Tehran were selected, and asked to complete the Teaching Style Questionnaire, Redford-Williams Hostility, and Oxford Happiness Inventory. The subjects were then exposed to problem-solving and anger management training.
Results: Test results for pre and post tests in all subscales of parenting styles showed significant differences. Comparison of the effect size for different subscales of teaching styles suggested that the highest effect size was for problem solving. Also hostility showed a significant decrease and happiness a significant increase in the posttest stage.
Conclusion: It is concluded that the interventions applied in the present study can be used to increase happiness, decrease hostility and improve the problem solving strategies accordingly.
Research Paper
Mohammad Asgari; Batūl Hāshemi-Nasab; Fardin Faraji
Volume 2, Issue 5 , December 2011, Pages 140-164
Abstract
Introduction:There exists a close relationship between the quality of life and health, and the chronic diseases have negative effects in this respect. Researchers have shown the positive impact of stress management on reducing psychological and physical disorders. The goal of the present study was to ...
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Introduction:There exists a close relationship between the quality of life and health, and the chronic diseases have negative effects in this respect. Researchers have shown the positive impact of stress management on reducing psychological and physical disorders. The goal of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavior stress management treatment on the quality of life and depression in female Multiple Sclerosis Patients.
Method: A pretest – post-test design with control group was used in this study. The population included the female MS patients who resided in Arak in the year 1389/2010. A sample of 40 patients was randomly selected and assigned into control and experimental groups. All the participants responded to a 24 item Life Style Questionnaire as well as to Beck Depression inventory (BDI) which comprised 21 items. Then, the experimental group participated in a 10-session cognitive-behavioral stress management treatment. After the treatment program, the questionnaires were submitted to both groups.
Results: The results of MONOVA analysis revealed that the life style of patients considerably increased whereas their depression significantly reduced.
Conclusion: The cognitive-behavioral stress management treatment program can effectively reduce the depression of the female MS patients. Meanwhile, these people can enjoy a better life while exposed to such treatment program. This can play the role of supplement for pharmacological treatment.
