Clinical Psychology Studies

Abstract Introduction:  Researches  show  that  some  groups  of  people  are
below  the  normal  level  in  terms  of  mental  health.  It  seems  that  people
with drug dependency have risky mental functions.
Objective:  The  objective  of  present  research  is  to  determine  the
effect  of  resilience  training  on  mental  health  in  people  with  drug
dependency at Touska camp in Tehran.
Method:  The  study  was  an  applied  research,  and  a  semiexperimental  method  was  used  therein.  The  statistic  population
comprised  all  male  teenagers  and  young  people  with  drug  dependency
participating  in  the  28-day  faith-based  and  resilience-based  training
program  at  Touska  camp  in  Tehran.  Using  simple  random  sampling
method,  42  subjects  were  selected.  The  instruments  used  in  this  study
included  the  General  Health  Questionnaire  (GHQ28)  as  well  as
Conner  and  Davidson’s  Resilience  Questionnaire  by  which  group
testing was performed.

Abstract The  present  study  aims  to  study  the  effectiveness  of  selfdifferentiation  therapy  on  assertiveness  of  female  students  of  Allameh
Tabataba’i  University.  The  research  employed  a  semi-experimental
design  with  pre-test  and  post-test.  Using  convenience  sampling
method,  20  subjects  were  selected  from  among  first-year
undergraduate  female  students  of  the  Faculty  of  Psychology  and
Educational  Sciences,  Allameh  Tabataba’i  University.  The  sample
populated was randomly  assigned into two groups, namely  experiment
and  control  groups,  each  consisting  of  10  people.  The  experiment
group  received  8  sessions  of  self-differentiation  therapy.  The  control
group  received  no  intervention.  The  data  was  analyzed  using
Covariance  analysis.  The  results  showed  that  self-differentiation
therapy  was  effective  on  improvement  of  assertiveness  (P<0.01).
Generally,  it  can  be  concluded  that  self-differentiation  therapy  helped
to increase the level of assertiveness of the participants.

Abstract Deficiency  in  facial  emotion  recognition  is  among  the  main
problems  schizophrenia  patients  are  facing.  However,  there  is  little
information  about  this  deficit  in  subtypes  of  schizophrenia.  The
present  study  aims  to  compare  the  facial  emotion  recognition  in  the
three  subgroups  of  schizophrenia  (i.e.  paranoid,  disorganized,  and
residual),  and  to  study  its  relationship  with  positive  and  negative
symptoms.  The  research  was  descriptive  with  a  causal-comparative
design.  Using  convenience  sampling  and  based  on  psychiatric
diagnosis,  clinical  interview,  and  inclusion-  exclusion  criteria,  60
subjects  were  selected  from  among  schizophrenia  patients  at  Razi
hospital  in  Tehran  (including  19  paranoid  patients,  21  disorganized
patients,  20  residual  patients).  The  research  instruments  were  facial
emotion  recognition  test  and  clinical  symptom  scale  (PANSS).  The
data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA, post hoc tests, and non-linear
correlation  test.  The  results  showed  that  disorganized  patients  had
more  impairment  in  the  facial  emotion  recognition  compared  to  other
subtypes  of  schizophrenia.  Subsequently,  paranoid  and  residual
patients  showed  major  impairment,  respectively.  Moreover,  there  was
a  significant  relationship  between  deficit  in  emotion  recognition  and
negative  symptoms  in  the  patients.  Altogether,  the  intensity   of  deficit
in  facial  emotion  recognition  is  different  among  different  subtypes  of
schizophrenia.

Abstract Objective:  The  present  study  aims  to  compare  the  decrease  of
depression  level  resulted  by  two  different  treatments  of  logo  therapy
and REBT applied on MS patients.
Method:  Three  groups  of  subjects,  each  consisting  of  12  people,
were  selected  from  among  MS  patients  at  Sina  Clinic.  They  were
randomly  assigned  into  two  experimental  groups  and  one  control
group.  The  experimental  groups  received  REBT  group  sessions,  and
no  psychotherapy  was  given  to  the  control  group.  The  data  was
collected  using  Beck  Depression  Inventory  which  was  performed
three  times  (including  pretest,  posttest,  and  follow-up  stages).  The
data was then analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Scheffe Test.
Results:  The  results  proved  the  effectiveness  of  both  methods  in
reducing the level of depression in MS patients as well as its durability
for  three  months.  Moreover,  logo  therapy  was  more  helpful  in
decreasing depression that REBT. Therefore, both methods, especially
group  logo  therapy,  are  recommended  to  apply  for  treating  MS
patients

Abstract Introduction:  The  present  study  aims  to  determine  the
effectiveness  of  the  Mindfulness  Based  Relapse  Prevention  (MBRP)
model  on  relapse  prevention  and  enhancement  of  coping  skills  in
people with opiate substance dependency.
Method:  In  a  semi-experimental  study  and  using  cluster  random
sampling  method,  24  subjects  were  selected  from  among  people  with
diagnosis  of  opiate  dependency  who  were  successfully  detoxified.
They  were  assigned  into  experimental  and  control  groups,  each
consisting  of  12  people.  The  experimental  group  received  8  weekly
sessions  of  MBRP  training,  and  no  treatment  was  given  to  the  control
group.  The  subjects  were  assessed  by  Alcohol  Abuse  Coping
Response  Inventory  (AACRI)  and  morphine  tests  before  treatment,
randomly  during  treatment,  after  treatment,  and  after  a  3-month
follow-up  stage.  The  data  was  analyzed  using

2test,  Multivariate
Analysis  of  Covariance  (MANCOVA),  and  covariance  analysis
(ANCOVA).
Results:  The

2  test  results  showed  that  there  was  a  significant
difference  between  experimental  and  control  groups  in  terms  of
relapse  rate.  Moreover,  the  results  of  MANCOVA  and  ANCOVA
were  indicative  of  a  significant  difference  between  the  two  groups  in
coping skills enhancement at posttest and follow up stages.
Findings:  The  results  indicated  that  the  MBRP  model  training  was
effective  in  relapse  prevention  and  coping  skills  enhancement  in
people with opiate substance dependency.

Abstract In  many  researches,  the  role  of  parents’  behavior  on  the  formation
of cognitive and emotional problems in children has been emphasized.
Accordingly,  the  aim  of  this  study  was  to  determine  the  relationship
between  perceptions  of  parental  behavior  and  early  maladaptive
schemas  in  children.  The  method  of  study  was  descriptive-analytical.
The  statistical  population  consisted  of  all  normal  students  as  well  as
those  students  who  referred  to  the  counseling  center  of  Bu  Ali  Sina
University  in  Hamedan  in  2013.  In  this  study,  the  clinical  and  nonclinical  samples  were  used.  The  research  sample  consisted  of  69
clinical  individuals  and  134non-clinical  individuals.  Conventional
sampling  and  multistage  stratified  sampling  methods  were  used  to
select  the  clinical  and  non-clinical  samples,  respectively.  The
instruments  used  for  data  collection  were  Young  Schema
Questionnaire-Short  Form  (YSQ-SF)  and  Parker's  Parental  Bonding
Instrument  (PBI),  and  the  data  analyzed  using  Pearson  correlation.
The  analysis  of  the  results  showed  a  negative  correlation  between
early maladaptive schemas and perceptions of parental caring. Positive
correlation  was  also  observed  between  early  maladaptive  schemas  and
perceptions  of  parental  overprotection  (P<0.05).  The  results  showed
that  there  were  significant  differences  between  perception  of  parental
behavior  (caring  and  overprotection)  in  clinical  and  non-clinical
samples  (P<0.05).  The  research  findings  indicated  that  parental
behavior  (caring  and  overprotection)  is  related  with  the  formation  of
early  maladaptive  schemas  of  children.  Therefore,  the  attention  of
specialists  can  be  drawn  to  the  cognitive  development  of  individuals
in  interaction  with  primary  caregivers,  and  to  the  formation  of
subsequent cognitive impairment.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of three
therapeutic programs including parents encouraging training (based on
Adler-Dreikurs  approach),  behavioral  training,  and  pharmacotherapy
for  increasing  self-control  among  children  with  attention
deficit/hyperactive  disorder  (ADHD).  In  this  experimental  study,  40
parents  of  students  referred  to  Rouzbeh  Psychiatric  Hospital  were
diagnose  according  to  a  psychiatrist  diagnosis  and  utilizing  Conners
scale  for  ADHD.  Covariance  and  F  score  analysis  revealed  a
significant difference among the three methods indicating that parents
encouraging training method, and parents behavioral training based on
Barkleys theory are both effective for increasing self–control skills in
ADHD  children.  We  can  conclude  that  parents  encouraging  training
and parent behavioral training are effective in improving self-control
in ADHD children.