Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student in Clinical Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

2 Ph.D. Student in Counseling, Department of Counseling, Islamic Azad University, Bojnourd Branch, Bojnourd, Iran,

3 . Ph.D. Student in Rehabilitation Counseling, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

4 PhD student in Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.

5 PhD student in clinical psychology, martyr Beheshti University, Tehran

Abstract

Failure in emotional regulation process was reported as a major problem in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). In the emotional schema therapy (EST), the roles of emotions and emotion processing strategies are substantial. This study aimed at determining the effectiveness of EST in emotional schema (ES) of women with OCD. It was a quasi-experimental study. The statistical population included all women visiting consulting centers in Nishabur in 2014-2015. The research sample consisted of 20 patients with OCD (10 persons as the intervention group and 10 persons in the waiting list), selected using convenience sampling technique. The intervention group received a two-hour per week for 12 sessions. The research instrument included Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale and Leahy Emotional Schema Scale. Data were analyzed with ANCOVA. Results from data analysis suggested a significance difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of Validity, Comprehensibility, Guilt, Higher Values, Control, Numbness , Duration, Consensus, Expression and Blame; whereas, the two groups were not significantly different in terms of Simplistic View of Emotion, Rational, Acceptance of Feelings and Rumination. In general, results of this study show that EST has positive effect on the reduction of OCD and can be used as an effective method in correcting several emotional schemas in women with OCD.

Keywords

انجمن روان­پزشکی آمریکا. (2013). راهنمای تشخیصی و آماری اختلالات روانی. (ویرایش پنجم)، ترجمه سید محمدی (1394)، تهران: روان.
ایزدی، راضیه؛ نشاط­دوست، حمیدطاهر؛ عسگری، کریم و عابدی، محمدرضا. (1393). مقایسه اثربخشی درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد و درمان شناختی - رفتاری بر علایم بیماران مبتلا به اختلال‌ وسواس - اجبار. تحقیقات علوم رفتاری، 12(1): 33-19.
ایزدی، راضیه و عابدی، محمدرضا. ( ۱۳۹۲). کاهش علائم وسواس در بیماران مبتلا به وسواس فکری - عملی مقاوم به درمان از طریق درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد. مجله علمی پژوهشی فیض، ۱۷(۳): 286-275.
بک، آرون؛ لیهی، رابرت؛ فریمن، آرتور؛ بک، جودیت؛ گلوهوسکی، مک؛ هالند، استفان؛ جلالی، رویا و گلوسکی، مک. (2009). چالش­های شناخت‌درمانی. ترجمه حسن حمیدپور (1391). تهران: ارجمند.
لیهی، رابرت­ال؛ تیرچ، دنیس و ناپولیتانو، لیزا­ا. (2014). تکنیک­های تنظیم هیجان در روان‌درمانی. ترجمه عبدالرضا منصوری­راد (1393)، تهران: ارجمند.
Allen, L. B., Barlow, D. H. (2009). Relationship of exposure to clinically irrelevant emotion cues and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. BehavModif, 33(6), 743-762.
Batmaz, S., UlusoyKaymak S., Kocbiyik S., Turkcapar, M. H. (2014). Metacognitions and emotional   schemas: a new cognitive perspective for the distinction between unipolar and bipolar depression. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 55(7), 1546-1555.
Crockett, A. C., Myhre, S. K., Rokke, P. D. (2015). Boredom proneness and emotionregulation predict emotional eating. J Health Psychol, 20(5): 670-680.
Daneshmandi, S., Izadikhah, Z., Kazemi, H., Mehrabi, H. A. (2014). The effectiveness of emotional schema therapy on emotional schemas of female victims of child abuse and neglect. J Shahid Sadoughi Univ Med Sci, 22(5), 1481-1494.
Fernández de la Cruz, L., Landau, D., Iervolino, AC., Santo, S., Pertusa, A., Singh, S. (2013).Experiential avoidance and emotionregulation difficulties in hoarding disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 27(2), 204-209.
Fontenelle, LF., Harrison, BJ., Pujol, J., Davey, CG., Fornito, A., & Bora, E. (2012). Brain functional connectivity during induced sadness
in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Psychiatry Neurosci, 37(4), 231-240.
Gong, L., Li, W., Zhang, D., & Rost, DH. (2015). Effect of emotionregulation strategies on anxiety during job interview in chinese college
students. Anxiety Stress Coping, 1-17.
Innamorati, M., Imperatori, C., Harnic, D., Erbuto, D., Patitucci, E., Janiri, L., & Fabbricatore, M. (2017). Emotion regulation and mentalization in people at risk for food addiction. Behavioral Medicine, 43(1), 21-30.
Jacob, ML., Morelen, D., Suveg C., Brown Jacobsen, AM., & Whiteside, SP. (2012). Emotional, behavioral, and cognitive factors that differentiate obsessive-compulsive disorder and other anxiety disorders in youth. Anxiety Stress Coping, 25(2), 229-237.
Kamali, S., Gharraee, B., Birashk, B. (2013). The role of emotional schema in prediction of pathological worry in Iranian students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 84, 994 –998.
Külz, AK., & Rose, N. (2014). Mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder--an adaptationof the original program. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol, 64(1), 35-40.
Leahy, R.L., Tirch, D., & Napolitano, LA. (2014). Emotion regulation in psychotherapy. Mansouri Rad A. Tehran: Arjmand.
Leahy, R. L. (2007). Emotional Schemas and Self-Help: Homework Compliance and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 14(3): 297-302.
Mohammad khani, Sh., Soleimani, H., Seyd Ali Naghei, SA. (2014). The role of emotional schemas in resilience of people living with HIV. Journal of Knowledge & Health, 9(3), 1-10.
Neumann, WJ., Huebl, J., Brücke, C., Gabriëls, L., Bajbouj, M., Merkl, A.,… Kühn, AA. (2014). Different patterns of local field potentials from limbic DBS targets in patients with major depressive and obsessive compulsive disorder. Mol Psychiatry,19(11), 1186-92.
Ritchie, T. D., Sedikides, C., & Skowronski, J. J. (2016). Emotions experienced at event recall and the self: Implications for the regulation of self-esteem, self-continuity and meaningfulness. Memory, 24(5), 577-591.
Roberts, S., O'Connor, K., & Bélanger, C. (2013). Emotion regulation and other psychological models for body-focused repetitive behaviors. Clinical Psychology Review, 33(6), 745-762.
Schulze, L., Schmahl, C., & Niedtfeld, I. (2016). Neural correlates of disturbed emotion processing in borderline personality disorder: a multimodal meta-analysis. Biological psychiatry, 79(2), 97-106.
Simon, D., Adler, N., Kaufmann, C., & Kathmann, N. (2014). Amygdala hyperactivation during symptom provocation in obsessive compulsive disorder and its modulation by distraction. NeuroimageClin, 26(4), 549-57.
Strauss, C., Rosten, C., Hayward, M., Lea, L., Forrester, E., & Jones, A. M. (2015). Mindfulness-based exposure and response prevention for obsessive compulsive disorder: study protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial. Trials, 16(1), 167.
Taylor, S. F., & Liberzon, I. (2007). Neural correlates of emotion regulation in psychopathology. Trends in cognitive sciences, 11(10), 413-418.