Clinical Psychology Studies

Abstract Criticisms to efficient market theory and its rational assumptions as
well as econometric analyses on pricing time series, DPS and incomes
led to the development of models that related psychology to financial
markets. Subsequently, researchers found many exceptions in
financial markets and concluded that psychological phenomena play
an important role in determining behavior in financial markets.
In this research, different types of investors’ behavior have been
analyzed in different time scales. The authors have designed a general
model for capital market of Iran using the time series data of Tehran
Stock Exchange companies reported from 2006 to 2010. Wavelet
analysis was used as a statistical and analytical instrument to explain
trait and multi resolution .
Research results show that investors have different reactions after
good or bad news. Their reaction in long term scale is more significant
than that in short term scale. However, no significant difference was
found among investors behavior in different industries.

Abstract The present study aims at determining the effectiveness of rationalemotive behavioral group therapy in psychological well-being of
women. The type study was applied and semi-experimental (pretestposttest with control group). Using convenience sampling method, 24
patients were selected from among the women who participated in the
psychology classes of the ‘health house’ in District 5 of the
Municipality of Tabriz based on their low scores in Ryff's Scale of
Psychological Well-Being (RSPWB). The selected patients were then
randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Next, in the
experimental group, intervention rational-emotive behavioral group
therapy was conducted for 8 sessions (one 2-hour session per week).
The results of the one-way covariance analysis showed that after the
application of the independent variable (rational-emotive behavioral
group therapy), there was a significant difference between the
experimental and the control groups. Therefore, it can be concluded
that rational-emotive behavioral group therapy is effective (P <0/000)
in the psychological well-being of women.

Abstract Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship
between early maladaptive schemas and God image. To do so, 125
students of Shiraz University were selected using multi-stage cluster
sampling. The instruments used in this study consisted of the Young
Early Maladaptive Schema Questionnaire —Short Form (SQ-SF) and
Lawrence’s God Image Scale (GIS) (Lawrence, 1997; Sadeghi, 1384).
Results showed that there was no significant relationship between
early maladaptive schemas and image of God. Despite the lack of
significant correlation between total scores of maladaptive schemas
and image of God, there was a negative and significant relationship
between social isolation, compliance and strict standards schemas with
God image. Other maladaptive schemas did not show significant
relationship with God image. These results indicate that those who
think God is very controlling have negative emotional responses to
God. That is, someone who feels that they are powerless and
dependent and nothing is under their control shapes a negative image
of God.

Abstract Abstract
The present study aims at investigating the effectiveness of
prevention and relationship enhancement program (PREP) on
increasing marital intimacy. To do so, 24 couples who referred to state
and private counseling centers to enhance their marital intimacy were
selected. They were then randomly divided into two groups including
prevention and relationship enhancement program (12 couples), and
control group (12 couples). The type of the research was semiexperimental (pretest-posttest with control design). Educational
intervention (prevention and relationship enhancement program)
including 11 sessions (1.5 hours) was applied on the experiment
group. Results indicated that the intervention (prevention and
relationship enhancement program) had a significant effect on marital
intimacy. Furthermore, the prevention and relationship enhancement
program had positive and significant effect on nine component of
marital intimacy including emotional, intellectual, physical, social,
communicational, spiritual, psychological, sexual, and total intimacy.

Abstract Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine effectiveness of group
logotherapy on reducing depression and increasing hope in elderly
with empty nest syndrome living in city of Ghorveh. The study
employed a quasi-experimental design with pretest and posttest and a
control group. The statistical population included all men and women
living in Ghorveh whose children had left them. The sample group
consisted of 24 individuals who were selected using convenient
sampling. Data were collected using the 21-item Beck Depression
Inventory (BDI II) and Snyder’s Adult Hope Scale (AHS). The data
were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (covariance
analysis). The results showed that the average posttest depression
score was significantly lower in the experimental group than the
control group, and that the average posttest hope score was
significantly higher in the experimental group. The findings suggest
that group logotherapy has positive effects in reducing depression and
increasing hope in elderly with empty nest syndrome

Abstract
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of
attachment-based treatment on family function of mothers with
insecure attachment style. This research was a semi-experimental
study with pretest-posttest design and included control and study
groups. By purposeful sampling method, 24 mothers of boy students
in grades 3 and 4 in elementary schools of Najafabad city were
selected and randomly assigned to control and study group (12
subjects in each group). Family Assessment Devise (FAD) and
Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS) were used for data
collection. In the study group, participants received attachment-based
treatment 10 weekly two-hour sessions, while the control group
received no treatment. FAD was completed by all the participants
before and after the treatment program and one month after the study
(at follow-up stage). Data were analyzed by multiple analysis of
covariance (MANCOVA). The findings of MANCOVA analysis
showed a significant difference between scores (total score and scores
of each subtest) of study and control groups after the study and at
follow-up stage. In the other words, compared to the family function
of control group at the posttest stage, family function of the study
group was improved and this improvement was sustained 1 month
after the study. Based on the results, we can conclude that attachmentbased treatment is influential in improving family function of females
with insecure attachment style.

Abstract Abstract
The present study examined the effectiveness of EMDR approach
by Francine Shapiro on primary insomnia. Causal comparative design
was used for testing research hypotheses. Population consisted of 60
patients with primary insomnia, ranging in age from 25 to 50 years, in
degree from diploma to master’s, and consisting of both sexes (30
females and 30 males), who were selected using purposive sampling.
In order to classify and analyze test data, T-test and covariance were
used. Data analysis showed that the pretest and posttest EMDR
treatment group showed significant differences in the effectiveness of
this approach. Moreover, significant difference was found between
pretest and posttest in the cognitive-behavioral group, indicating the
efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy in treating primary insomnia.
However, there was no significant difference between CBT and
EMDR groups. In conclusion, the effectiveness of EMDR therapy and
CBT may be considered equal.

Abstract Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of
DBT on reducing self-harming behaviors in juvenile offenders who
resided in Tehran's Juvenile Correction and Rehabilitation Centre.
This study was semi-experimental (pretest-posttest with control
group). The sample consisted of 30 juvenile offenders aged 12 to 18
years who resided in Tehran's Juvenile Correction and Rehabilitation
Centre. Klonsky and Glenn's Inventory of Statements about SelfInjury (ISAS) was used to collect pretest-posttest data. After the
pretest, the experimental group was treated with the dialectical
behavior therapy (DBT) program. This program was held in 10
weekly ninety-minute sessions. Data were analyzed using covariance
analysis (ANCOVA).
The results showed that DBT was effective on reducing selfharming behaviors of juvenile offenders who resided in Tehran’s
Juvenile Correction and Rehabilitation Center. Moreover, the effect of
DBT on reducing intrapersonal and interpersonal functions of selfharming behaviors of juvenile offenders was confirmed