نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار گروه روان‌شناسی دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: در میان تمام روان‌درمانی‌های شناخته‌شده، هنردرمانی از بیشترین تعداد تکنیک‌های درمانی برخوردار است. این نوع روان‌درمانی اگرچه ابتدا برای درمان کودکان پایه‌گذاری شد، بعدها و با گذشت زمان به روشی برای درمان بزرگسالان تبدیل شده است. پژوهش حاضر در پی دو چالش علمی-بالینی انجام شد. چالش اول مربوط به تعداد بسیار زیاد تکنیک‌های هنردرمانی مختص بزرگسالان و تعداد بسیار اندک تکنیک‌های ویژۀ کودکان بود. پژوهش حاضر در اصل با هدف رفع چالش نخست، آغاز گشت اما در مسیر رسیدن به این هدف، چالش دوم نیز نمایان شد. چالش اخیر مربوط به اعتبارسنجی تکنیک‌های ابداعی بود. هیچ شاخصی وجود نداشت که به اعتبارسنجی تکنیک‌ها به‌صورت تکی بپردازد. بنابراین ابداع شاخصی برای ارزیابی کارایی هر تکنیک به‌تنهایی، هدف دوم پژوهش حاضر شد.
روش‌شناسی پژوهش: تمام مجموعه‌پژوهش‌های زیربنای مقالۀ حاضر، به روش تک‌آزمودنی که در زمرۀ پژوهش‌های آزمایشی جای می‌گیرد، انجام شده‌اند. با وجود این، روش پژوهش خاص این مقاله را می‌توان روش کیفی دانست چراکه هم در اعتبارسنجی اولیه (به روش دلفی) و هم در اعتبارسنجی ثانویۀ تکنیک‌ها (بر مبنای شاخص کارایی)، استفاده شده است.
یافته‌ها: در این پژوهش، مجموعاً پنج تکنیک هنردرمانی ویژۀ کودکان (مدادرنگی قایم‌شده، قالیچۀ سفید، چهل‌تیکه، نقاشی زشت، و سپر دفاعی) و یک شاخص برای ارزیابی کارایی آن‌ها معرفی می‌شود. نتایج اعتبارسنجی تکنیک‌ها و میزان همسانی بین نظرات ارزیابان، نشان‌دهندۀ اعتبار تکنیک‌های معرفی‌شده در پژوهش است.
نتیجه‌گیری: بر اساس یافته‌های پژوهش، تکنیک‌های ابداعی معرفی‌شده را می‌توان تکنیک‌های معتبری قلمداد کرد اما با توجه به روش پژوهش، تعمیم نتایج نیازمند پژوهش‌های بیشتری است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Invention and Validation of Five New Art Therapy Techniques for Children

نویسنده [English]

  • Hoda Purrezaian

Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Tehran

چکیده [English]

Objective: Art therapy has the largest number of therapeutic techniques among all of the known psychotherapies. Although this type of psychotherapy was first established for children, later and over time it has become a method for the treatment of adults. The present research was carried out following two scientific-clinical challenges. The first challenge was related to the large number of adult-specific art therapy techniques and the very small number of children-specific techniques. The current research was originally started with the aim of solving the first challenge, but on the way to achieve this goal, the second challenge also appeared. The recent challenge was related to the validation of innovative techniques. There were no indicators to validate the techniques individually. Therefore, inventing an index to evaluate the efficiency of each technique alone became the second goal of this research.
Research Methodology: All the research sets underlying the present paper were conducted using a single-subject method that falls under the category of experimental research. However, the specific research method can be considered a qualitative method because it was used in both the primary validation (by Delphi method) and the secondary validation of the techniques (based on the efficiency index).
Findings: A total of five art therapy techniques specific to children (Hidden colored pencil, White rug, Patchwork, Ugly painting, & Defensive shield) and an index to evaluate their efficiency are introduced in this study. The results of the validation of the techniques and the degree of concordance between the evaluators' opinions indicate the validity of the techniques introduced in the study.
Conclusion: Based on the research findings, the introduced innovative techniques can be considered valid techniques, but considering the research method, generalization of the results requires more research.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • art therapy
  • art therapy techniques
  • art therapy techniques for children
  • evaluation index of art therapy techniques

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