Research Paper
Hoda Purrezaian
Abstract
Objective: Art therapy has the largest number of therapeutic techniques among all of the known psychotherapies. Although this type of psychotherapy was first established for children, later and over time it has become a method for the treatment of adults. The present research was carried out following ...
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Objective: Art therapy has the largest number of therapeutic techniques among all of the known psychotherapies. Although this type of psychotherapy was first established for children, later and over time it has become a method for the treatment of adults. The present research was carried out following two scientific-clinical challenges. The first challenge was related to the large number of adult-specific art therapy techniques and the very small number of children-specific techniques. The current research was originally started with the aim of solving the first challenge, but on the way to achieve this goal, the second challenge also appeared. The recent challenge was related to the validation of innovative techniques. There were no indicators to validate the techniques individually. Therefore, inventing an index to evaluate the efficiency of each technique alone became the second goal of this research.Research Methodology: All the research sets underlying the present paper were conducted using a single-subject method that falls under the category of experimental research. However, the specific research method can be considered a qualitative method because it was used in both the primary validation (by Delphi method) and the secondary validation of the techniques (based on the efficiency index).Findings: A total of five art therapy techniques specific to children (Hidden colored pencil, White rug, Patchwork, Ugly painting, & Defensive shield) and an index to evaluate their efficiency are introduced in this study. The results of the validation of the techniques and the degree of concordance between the evaluators' opinions indicate the validity of the techniques introduced in the study.Conclusion: Based on the research findings, the introduced innovative techniques can be considered valid techniques, but considering the research method, generalization of the results requires more research.
Research Paper
Zahra Haj sadeghi; Khadijeh Abolmaali Alhosseini; Mohammad Oraki; Fariba Hassani
Abstract
Objective: Childhood exposure to complex trauma can result in profound psychological consequences in adulthood, particularly difficulties in emotion regulation and low tolerance in interpersonal relationships. This study aimed to provide an in-depth understanding of the effects of complex trauma among ...
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Objective: Childhood exposure to complex trauma can result in profound psychological consequences in adulthood, particularly difficulties in emotion regulation and low tolerance in interpersonal relationships. This study aimed to provide an in-depth understanding of the effects of complex trauma among Iranian clients.Research Methodology: A quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, and a two-month follow-up was employed, including a control group. Participants with a history of complex trauma (emotional and physical neglect, as well as emotional, physical, and sexual abuse) were recruited from clients at the Kish Health Center in 2023. Sample size was estimated using Cohen’s table with an effect size of 0.5, a power of 0.8, and α = .05. Thirty-six eligible participants were randomly assigned to two intervention groups and one control group (12 per group). All participants completed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) at baseline. Experimental group 1 received ten 90-minute sessions of an emotion-focused therapy protocol, while experimental group 2 received ten 90-minute sessions of a spiritual psychotherapy protocol. The control group did not receive any intervention. After the interventions, all participants again completed the questionnaire, and the same assessment was repeated at follow-up.Findings: Findings indicated that emotion-focused therapy was more effective than spiritual psychotherapy in reducing emotion regulation difficulties among individuals with complex trauma. Moreover, the treatment effects persisted at the two-month follow-up (p < .01).Conclusion: Both emotion-focused therapy and spiritual psychotherapy are effective in improving emotion regulation difficulties in individuals with complex trauma, with emotion-focused therapy demonstrating stronger outcomes.
Research Paper
Seyyedeh Fatemeh Mousavi; Gholamreza Dehshiri
Abstract
Objective: The current study aimed to investigate the effect of loneliness on parental neglect by the mediating role of burnout and the moderating role of gender in this relationship.Research Methodology: The research method was descriptive and path analysis. 142 mothers with a Mage of 40.95 and 98 fathers ...
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Objective: The current study aimed to investigate the effect of loneliness on parental neglect by the mediating role of burnout and the moderating role of gender in this relationship.Research Methodology: The research method was descriptive and path analysis. 142 mothers with a Mage of 40.95 and 98 fathers with a Mage of 42.61 volunteered to participate in the study using convenience sampling. The measurements included the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale (Russell, 1980), the Child Neglect Scale (Roberts et al. 1984), and the Persian version of the Parental Burnout Scale (Mousavi et al., 2020).Findings: The results showed that the total effect of the relationship between loneliness and neglect of children in parents (p< .05) and the relationship between loneliness and burnout (p<0.05) and burnout with neglect of children is significant (p< .05). The results showed that feelings of loneliness lead to parental neglect of children through increased burnout in parents (.95 CI [.011, .15]). The results also showed that the moderating effect of gender in the mediation model is significant, such that in fathers, the indirect effect of loneliness through increased burnout on child neglect is significant (.95 CI [-.007, .02]).Conclusion: Reducing feelings of loneliness in mothers can lead to positive parenting outcomes for children by reducing their feelings of exhaustion from parenting responsibilities and providing parents with sufficient attention to caring for their children.
Research Paper
Samaneh Rafiee Foroshani; Fatemeh Izadi
Abstract
Objective: The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of conscious parenting training based on Imago Therapy approach on parenting stress and parent-child relationship patterns in mothers of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Khomeini Shahr.Research Methodology: This ...
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Objective: The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of conscious parenting training based on Imago Therapy approach on parenting stress and parent-child relationship patterns in mothers of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Khomeini Shahr.Research Methodology: This study employed a semi-experimental design with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population included all mothers of children aged 9 to 12 years with ADHD in Khomeini Shahr during the 2023–2024 academic year. From this population, 30 individuals were selected through purposive sampling based on the inclusion criteria and were randomly and equally assigned to the experimental and control groups. The participants in the experimental group received the mindful parenting training program based on the Imago therapy approach in 8 sessions of 90 minutes, while the control group did not participate in this program. The research instruments included the Conners' Parent Rating Scale for ADHD (1999), Abidin's Parenting Stress Index (1995), and Pianta's Parent-Child Relationship Scale (1994). Data were analyzed using covariance analysis in SPSS version 26.Findings: The results indicated that conscious parenting training based on Imago Therapy approach on parenting stress and parent-child relationship patterns in mothers of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder significantly impacted parenting stress and parent-child relationship patterns in mothers of children with ADHD in the post-test phase, with statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups (P<0.05).Conclusion: Therefore, the conscious parenting training based on Imago Therapy approach can be utilized to improve parenting stress and parent-child relationship patterns in mothers of children with ADHD.
Research Paper
Azadeh Forouzanfar; Maryam Fatehizade; Kiumarth Farahbakhsh
Abstract
Objective: This research aimed to develop and validate a couple relationship enrichment package based on couple caregiving.Research Methodology: A mixed-methods exploratory design, comprising two qualitative and quantitative phases was adopted for this study. A grounded theory approach was employed in ...
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Objective: This research aimed to develop and validate a couple relationship enrichment package based on couple caregiving.Research Methodology: A mixed-methods exploratory design, comprising two qualitative and quantitative phases was adopted for this study. A grounded theory approach was employed in the qualitative phase. The study population in this phase consisted of all couples with marital satisfaction and couple caregiving residing in Aligudarz city in 2023. A sample of 10 couples was selected using purposive sampling until theoretical saturation was reached. The research instruments included semi-structured interviews, the Caregiving Questionnaire (Kunce & Shaver, 1994), and the ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale (1982). Data analysis was conducted using Strauss and Corbin's systematic approach. Subsequently, an enrichment package incorporating various concepts and techniques was developed based on a review of prior research. Five experts in the fields of psychology and counseling were selected through convenience sampling to assess the content validity of the package.Findings: The qualitative findings led to the identification of couple caregiving domains, causal conditions: life history, conscious marriage; contextual conditions: individual and couple contexts; efficient couple relationship; Intervening conditions: behavioral and cognitive facilitating factors; Strategies for sustaining and improving care, and personal outcomes for the caregiver and care recipient and couple outcomes. The content of the couple relationship enrichment sessions was structured into nine weekly 90-minute sessions. The content validity index was 0/85, and the content validity ratio was 1.Conclusion: The couple relationship enrichment package based on couple caregiving is valid for educational and research applications and is recommended for couples.
Research Paper
Seyed Ali Kazemi -Rezaei; Hadi Parhoon; Marzie Hashemi
Abstract
Background and Objective: Despite its high prevalence, significant adverse consequences, considerable economic burden, and diverse clinical manifestations, insomnia remains a relatively underrecognized disorder. Therefore, identifying the factors influencing it and developing effective therapeutic approaches ...
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Background and Objective: Despite its high prevalence, significant adverse consequences, considerable economic burden, and diverse clinical manifestations, insomnia remains a relatively underrecognized disorder. Therefore, identifying the factors influencing it and developing effective therapeutic approaches are of undeniable necessity. Accordingly, the present study aimed to examine the effect of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on cognitive emotion regulation and rumination among individuals diagnosed with insomnia.
Research Methodology: This experimental study employed a pretest–posttest control group design with a one-month follow-up. Using a convenience sampling method, 30 individuals with insomnia who referred to counseling centers and clinics in Tehran were selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent MBCT sessions over a period of two months. The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) and the Ruminative Response Scale (RRS) were administered to both groups before and after the intervention and at the follow-up stage. Data were analyzed using Mixed Analysis of Variance (Mixed ANOVA).
Findings: The results indicated a significant effect of MBCT on reducing maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies (F = 35.30, p < .001), enhancing adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies (F = 42.01, p < .001), and decreasing rumination (F = 170.34, p < .001) in individuals with insomnia. These changes remained stable at the one-month follow-up.
Conclusion: The findings demonstrated that Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy significantly improved cognitive emotion regulation and reduced rumination. These results highlight the potential of MBCT as an effective non-pharmacological intervention for the management and treatment of insomnia.
